Accuracy, Reproducibility, and Responsiveness to Treatment of Home Spirometry in Cystic Fibrosis: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study

BackgroundPortable spirometers are increasingly used to measure lung function at home, but doubts about the accuracy of these devices persist. These doubts stand in the way of the digital transition of chronic respiratory disease care, hence there is a need to address the acc...

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Main Authors: Martinus C Oppelaar, Hanneke AC van Helvoort, Michiel AGE Bannier, Monique HE Reijers, Hester van der Vaart, Renske van der Meer, Josje Altenburg, Lennart Conemans, Bart L Rottier, Marianne Nuijsink, Lara S van den Wijngaart, Peter JFM Merkus, Jolt Roukema
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JMIR Publications 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Medical Internet Research
Online Access:https://www.jmir.org/2024/1/e60892
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author Martinus C Oppelaar
Hanneke AC van Helvoort
Michiel AGE Bannier
Monique HE Reijers
Hester van der Vaart
Renske van der Meer
Josje Altenburg
Lennart Conemans
Bart L Rottier
Marianne Nuijsink
Lara S van den Wijngaart
Peter JFM Merkus
Jolt Roukema
author_facet Martinus C Oppelaar
Hanneke AC van Helvoort
Michiel AGE Bannier
Monique HE Reijers
Hester van der Vaart
Renske van der Meer
Josje Altenburg
Lennart Conemans
Bart L Rottier
Marianne Nuijsink
Lara S van den Wijngaart
Peter JFM Merkus
Jolt Roukema
author_sort Martinus C Oppelaar
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundPortable spirometers are increasingly used to measure lung function at home, but doubts about the accuracy of these devices persist. These doubts stand in the way of the digital transition of chronic respiratory disease care, hence there is a need to address the accuracy of home spirometry in routine care across multiple settings and ages. ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the accuracy, reproducibility, and responsiveness to the treatment of home spirometry in long-term pediatric and adult cystic fibrosis care. MethodsThis retrospective observational study was carried out in 5 Dutch cystic fibrosis centers. Home spirometry outcomes (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1], and forced vital capacity [FVC]) for 601 anonymized users were collected during 3 years. For 81 users, data on clinic spirometry and elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) use were available. Accuracy was assessed using Bland-Altman plots for paired clinic-home measurements on the same day and within 7 days of each other (nearest neighbor). Intratest reproducibility was assessed using the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society repeatability criteria, the coefficient of variation, and spirometry quality grades. Responsiveness was measured by the percentage change in home spirometry outcomes after the start of ETI. ResultsBland-Altman analysis was performed for 86 same-day clinic-home spirometry pairs and for 263 nearest neighbor clinic-home spirometry pairs (n=81). For both sets and for both FEV1 and FVC, no heteroscedasticity was present and hence the mean bias was expressed as an absolute value. Overall, home spirometry was significantly lower than clinic spirometry (mean ΔFEV1clinic-home 0.13 L, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.19; mean ΔFVCclinic-home 0.20 L, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.25) and remained lower than clinic spirometry independent of age and experience. One-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons showed significantly lower differences in clinic-home spirometry in adults than in children (Δmean 0.11, 95% CI –0.20 to –0.01) and teenagers (Δmean 0.14, 95% CI –0.25 to –0.02). For reproducibility analyses, 2669 unique measurement days of 311 individuals were included. Overall, 87.3% (2331/2669) of FEV1 measurements and 74.3% (1985/2669) of FVC measurements met reproducibility criteria. Kruskal-Wallis with pairwise comparison demonstrated that for both FVC and FEV1, coefficient of variation was significantly lower in adults than in children and teenagers. A total of 5104 unique home measurements were graded. Grade E was given to 2435 tests as only one home measurement was performed. Of the remaining 2669 tests, 43.8% (1168/2669) and 43.6% (1163/2669) received grade A and B, respectively. The median percentage change in FEV1 from baseline after initiation of ETI was 19.2% after 7-14 days and remained stable thereafter (n=33). ConclusionsHome spirometry is feasible but not equal to clinic spirometry. Home spirometry can confirm whether lung functions remain stable, but the context of measurement and personal trends are more relevant than absolute outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-f575d1b330214ada983f764d0fe75f872024-12-03T21:02:24ZengJMIR PublicationsJournal of Medical Internet Research1438-88712024-12-0126e6089210.2196/60892Accuracy, Reproducibility, and Responsiveness to Treatment of Home Spirometry in Cystic Fibrosis: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational StudyMartinus C Oppelaarhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-4161Hanneke AC van Helvoorthttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-842XMichiel AGE Bannierhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4823-5872Monique HE Reijershttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4401-5103Hester van der Vaarthttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-8755-2466Renske van der Meerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1818-6360Josje Altenburghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-963XLennart Conemanshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2348-1826Bart L Rottierhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-8070Marianne Nuijsinkhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3948-2794Lara S van den Wijngaarthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4197-371XPeter JFM Merkushttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1977-7384Jolt Roukemahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6971-7892 BackgroundPortable spirometers are increasingly used to measure lung function at home, but doubts about the accuracy of these devices persist. These doubts stand in the way of the digital transition of chronic respiratory disease care, hence there is a need to address the accuracy of home spirometry in routine care across multiple settings and ages. ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the accuracy, reproducibility, and responsiveness to the treatment of home spirometry in long-term pediatric and adult cystic fibrosis care. MethodsThis retrospective observational study was carried out in 5 Dutch cystic fibrosis centers. Home spirometry outcomes (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1], and forced vital capacity [FVC]) for 601 anonymized users were collected during 3 years. For 81 users, data on clinic spirometry and elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) use were available. Accuracy was assessed using Bland-Altman plots for paired clinic-home measurements on the same day and within 7 days of each other (nearest neighbor). Intratest reproducibility was assessed using the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society repeatability criteria, the coefficient of variation, and spirometry quality grades. Responsiveness was measured by the percentage change in home spirometry outcomes after the start of ETI. ResultsBland-Altman analysis was performed for 86 same-day clinic-home spirometry pairs and for 263 nearest neighbor clinic-home spirometry pairs (n=81). For both sets and for both FEV1 and FVC, no heteroscedasticity was present and hence the mean bias was expressed as an absolute value. Overall, home spirometry was significantly lower than clinic spirometry (mean ΔFEV1clinic-home 0.13 L, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.19; mean ΔFVCclinic-home 0.20 L, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.25) and remained lower than clinic spirometry independent of age and experience. One-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons showed significantly lower differences in clinic-home spirometry in adults than in children (Δmean 0.11, 95% CI –0.20 to –0.01) and teenagers (Δmean 0.14, 95% CI –0.25 to –0.02). For reproducibility analyses, 2669 unique measurement days of 311 individuals were included. Overall, 87.3% (2331/2669) of FEV1 measurements and 74.3% (1985/2669) of FVC measurements met reproducibility criteria. Kruskal-Wallis with pairwise comparison demonstrated that for both FVC and FEV1, coefficient of variation was significantly lower in adults than in children and teenagers. A total of 5104 unique home measurements were graded. Grade E was given to 2435 tests as only one home measurement was performed. Of the remaining 2669 tests, 43.8% (1168/2669) and 43.6% (1163/2669) received grade A and B, respectively. The median percentage change in FEV1 from baseline after initiation of ETI was 19.2% after 7-14 days and remained stable thereafter (n=33). ConclusionsHome spirometry is feasible but not equal to clinic spirometry. Home spirometry can confirm whether lung functions remain stable, but the context of measurement and personal trends are more relevant than absolute outcomes.https://www.jmir.org/2024/1/e60892
spellingShingle Martinus C Oppelaar
Hanneke AC van Helvoort
Michiel AGE Bannier
Monique HE Reijers
Hester van der Vaart
Renske van der Meer
Josje Altenburg
Lennart Conemans
Bart L Rottier
Marianne Nuijsink
Lara S van den Wijngaart
Peter JFM Merkus
Jolt Roukema
Accuracy, Reproducibility, and Responsiveness to Treatment of Home Spirometry in Cystic Fibrosis: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study
Journal of Medical Internet Research
title Accuracy, Reproducibility, and Responsiveness to Treatment of Home Spirometry in Cystic Fibrosis: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study
title_full Accuracy, Reproducibility, and Responsiveness to Treatment of Home Spirometry in Cystic Fibrosis: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study
title_fullStr Accuracy, Reproducibility, and Responsiveness to Treatment of Home Spirometry in Cystic Fibrosis: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study
title_full_unstemmed Accuracy, Reproducibility, and Responsiveness to Treatment of Home Spirometry in Cystic Fibrosis: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study
title_short Accuracy, Reproducibility, and Responsiveness to Treatment of Home Spirometry in Cystic Fibrosis: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study
title_sort accuracy reproducibility and responsiveness to treatment of home spirometry in cystic fibrosis multicenter retrospective observational study
url https://www.jmir.org/2024/1/e60892
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