Identification of the AHP family reveals their critical response to cytokinin regulation during adventitious root formation in apple rootstock
Adventitious root (AR) formation is a bottleneck for vegetative proliferation. In this study, 13 AHP genes (MdAHPs) were identified in the apple genome. Phylogenetic analysis grouped them into 3 clusters (I, II, III), with 4, 4, and 5 genes respectively. The 13 MdAHPs family members were named MdAHP...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1511713/full |
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| author | Ke Li Ke Li Ke Li Huan Li Wei Ling Liang Jing Ju Liu Hui Yue Tian Li Hu Wang Li Hu Wang Yan Hong Wei Yan Hong Wei |
| author_facet | Ke Li Ke Li Ke Li Huan Li Wei Ling Liang Jing Ju Liu Hui Yue Tian Li Hu Wang Li Hu Wang Yan Hong Wei Yan Hong Wei |
| author_sort | Ke Li |
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| description | Adventitious root (AR) formation is a bottleneck for vegetative proliferation. In this study, 13 AHP genes (MdAHPs) were identified in the apple genome. Phylogenetic analysis grouped them into 3 clusters (I, II, III), with 4, 4, and 5 genes respectively. The 13 MdAHPs family members were named MdAHP1 to MdAHP13 by chromosome positions. The physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationship, motifs, and elements of their proteins were also analyzed. The amino acid quantity varied from 60~189 aa, isoelectric point lay between 4.10 and 8.93, and there were 3~7 protein-conserving motifs. Excluding MdAHP6, other members’ promoter sequences behaved 2-4 CTK response elements. Additionally, the expression characteristics of MdAHPs family members at key stages of AR formation and in different tissues were also examined with exogenous 6-BA and Lov treatments. The results showed that MdAHP3 might be a key member in AR formation. GUS staining indicated that the activity of the MdAHP3 promoter was also significantly enhanced by CTK treatment. The protein interactions of MdAHP3/MdAHP1 and MdAHP3/MdAHP6 were verified. Compared with WT, 35S::MdAHP3 transgenic poplars inhibited AR formation. The above experimental results suggested that MdAHP3, as a key family member, interacts with MdAHP1 and MdAHP6 proteins to jointly mediate AR formation in apple rootstocks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f53c03856f474a149fae9ec366cfbe2d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-f53c03856f474a149fae9ec366cfbe2d2025-01-15T16:06:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-01-011510.3389/fpls.2024.15117131511713Identification of the AHP family reveals their critical response to cytokinin regulation during adventitious root formation in apple rootstockKe Li0Ke Li1Ke Li2Huan Li3Wei Ling Liang4Jing Ju Liu5Hui Yue Tian6Li Hu Wang7Li Hu Wang8Yan Hong Wei9Yan Hong Wei10School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, ChinaInstitute of Forestry and Fruit Science, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Yangling Subsidiary Center Project of the National Apple Improvement Center, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, ChinaSchool of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, ChinaSchool of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, ChinaSchool of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Yangling Subsidiary Center Project of the National Apple Improvement Center, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, ChinaSchool of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, ChinaInstitute of Forestry and Fruit Science, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, ChinaSchool of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Yangling Subsidiary Center Project of the National Apple Improvement Center, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, ChinaAdventitious root (AR) formation is a bottleneck for vegetative proliferation. In this study, 13 AHP genes (MdAHPs) were identified in the apple genome. Phylogenetic analysis grouped them into 3 clusters (I, II, III), with 4, 4, and 5 genes respectively. The 13 MdAHPs family members were named MdAHP1 to MdAHP13 by chromosome positions. The physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationship, motifs, and elements of their proteins were also analyzed. The amino acid quantity varied from 60~189 aa, isoelectric point lay between 4.10 and 8.93, and there were 3~7 protein-conserving motifs. Excluding MdAHP6, other members’ promoter sequences behaved 2-4 CTK response elements. Additionally, the expression characteristics of MdAHPs family members at key stages of AR formation and in different tissues were also examined with exogenous 6-BA and Lov treatments. The results showed that MdAHP3 might be a key member in AR formation. GUS staining indicated that the activity of the MdAHP3 promoter was also significantly enhanced by CTK treatment. The protein interactions of MdAHP3/MdAHP1 and MdAHP3/MdAHP6 were verified. Compared with WT, 35S::MdAHP3 transgenic poplars inhibited AR formation. The above experimental results suggested that MdAHP3, as a key family member, interacts with MdAHP1 and MdAHP6 proteins to jointly mediate AR formation in apple rootstocks.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1511713/fullappleadventitous rootcytokininMdAHP35S::MdAHP3 transgenic plants |
| spellingShingle | Ke Li Ke Li Ke Li Huan Li Wei Ling Liang Jing Ju Liu Hui Yue Tian Li Hu Wang Li Hu Wang Yan Hong Wei Yan Hong Wei Identification of the AHP family reveals their critical response to cytokinin regulation during adventitious root formation in apple rootstock Frontiers in Plant Science apple adventitous root cytokinin MdAHP 35S::MdAHP3 transgenic plants |
| title | Identification of the AHP family reveals their critical response to cytokinin regulation during adventitious root formation in apple rootstock |
| title_full | Identification of the AHP family reveals their critical response to cytokinin regulation during adventitious root formation in apple rootstock |
| title_fullStr | Identification of the AHP family reveals their critical response to cytokinin regulation during adventitious root formation in apple rootstock |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of the AHP family reveals their critical response to cytokinin regulation during adventitious root formation in apple rootstock |
| title_short | Identification of the AHP family reveals their critical response to cytokinin regulation during adventitious root formation in apple rootstock |
| title_sort | identification of the ahp family reveals their critical response to cytokinin regulation during adventitious root formation in apple rootstock |
| topic | apple adventitous root cytokinin MdAHP 35S::MdAHP3 transgenic plants |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1511713/full |
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