The Potential Causal Association of Apolipoprotein A and B and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Mendelian Randomisation Study

Background/Objectives: Research has suggested a potential relationship between apolipoproteins A (ApoA) and B (ApoB) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study explored the potential causal relationship between ApoA/ApoB levels and AMD/AMD subtypes using two-sample Mendelian randomisatio...

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Main Authors: Young Lee, Je Hyun Seo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2828
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author Young Lee
Je Hyun Seo
author_facet Young Lee
Je Hyun Seo
author_sort Young Lee
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: Research has suggested a potential relationship between apolipoproteins A (ApoA) and B (ApoB) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study explored the potential causal relationship between ApoA/ApoB levels and AMD/AMD subtypes using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR). Methods: We selected 308 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for ApoA and 198 SNPs for ApoB from the UK Biobank data. Summary statistics for AMD were collected from the genome-wide association study of the FinnGen project. We performed two-sample MR to assess the causal effects of ApoA/ApoB on AMD and its subtypes. Potential confounders, including body mass index, C-reactive protein level, and smoking status, were assessed using a multivariable MR analysis. Results: ApoA showed a significant causal association with AMD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–1.25, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and was linked to both dry (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and wet (<i>p</i> = 0.025) AMD. ApoB showed a decreasing trend in dry AMD risk (<i>p</i> = 0.074), though not significant, and was not associated with overall or wet AMD. The multivariable MR analysis showed no significant association of ApoA with any AMD subtype (<i>p</i> > 0.05). ApoB decreased dry AMD risk (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.99, <i>p</i> = 0.039), with trends for overall and wet AMD that were not significant (<i>p</i> = 0.070 and <i>p</i> = 0.091, respectively). Conclusions: These findings suggest that ApoB is associated with lower AMD risk, particularly for dry AMD. Further research is needed to clarify lipid biomarker’s role as AMD risk factors.
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spelling doaj-art-f4eb78753fb545ccb37dbb1481cd7eb32024-12-27T14:12:58ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-12-011212282810.3390/biomedicines12122828The Potential Causal Association of Apolipoprotein A and B and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Mendelian Randomisation StudyYoung Lee0Je Hyun Seo1Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of KoreaVeterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of KoreaBackground/Objectives: Research has suggested a potential relationship between apolipoproteins A (ApoA) and B (ApoB) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study explored the potential causal relationship between ApoA/ApoB levels and AMD/AMD subtypes using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR). Methods: We selected 308 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for ApoA and 198 SNPs for ApoB from the UK Biobank data. Summary statistics for AMD were collected from the genome-wide association study of the FinnGen project. We performed two-sample MR to assess the causal effects of ApoA/ApoB on AMD and its subtypes. Potential confounders, including body mass index, C-reactive protein level, and smoking status, were assessed using a multivariable MR analysis. Results: ApoA showed a significant causal association with AMD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–1.25, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and was linked to both dry (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and wet (<i>p</i> = 0.025) AMD. ApoB showed a decreasing trend in dry AMD risk (<i>p</i> = 0.074), though not significant, and was not associated with overall or wet AMD. The multivariable MR analysis showed no significant association of ApoA with any AMD subtype (<i>p</i> > 0.05). ApoB decreased dry AMD risk (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.99, <i>p</i> = 0.039), with trends for overall and wet AMD that were not significant (<i>p</i> = 0.070 and <i>p</i> = 0.091, respectively). Conclusions: These findings suggest that ApoB is associated with lower AMD risk, particularly for dry AMD. Further research is needed to clarify lipid biomarker’s role as AMD risk factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2828age-related macular degenerationapolipoprotein Aapolipoprotein BsmokingMendelian randomisation
spellingShingle Young Lee
Je Hyun Seo
The Potential Causal Association of Apolipoprotein A and B and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
Biomedicines
age-related macular degeneration
apolipoprotein A
apolipoprotein B
smoking
Mendelian randomisation
title The Potential Causal Association of Apolipoprotein A and B and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
title_full The Potential Causal Association of Apolipoprotein A and B and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
title_fullStr The Potential Causal Association of Apolipoprotein A and B and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
title_full_unstemmed The Potential Causal Association of Apolipoprotein A and B and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
title_short The Potential Causal Association of Apolipoprotein A and B and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
title_sort potential causal association of apolipoprotein a and b and age related macular degeneration a mendelian randomisation study
topic age-related macular degeneration
apolipoprotein A
apolipoprotein B
smoking
Mendelian randomisation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2828
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