Metagenomics reveals fibre fermentation and AMR pathways in red grouse (Lagopus scotica) microbiota

Abstract Background The avian caecal microbiota plays a vital role in host nutrition, enabling non-digestible, fibrous material to be converted into compounds that can be absorbed and used as an energy source by the host. The diet of adult red grouse (Lagopus scotica) is dominated by heather (Callun...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Anum Ali Ahmad, Kathy Fletcher, Nicholas Hesford, Laura Glendinning
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04280-1
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849226615423238144
author Anum Ali Ahmad
Kathy Fletcher
Nicholas Hesford
Laura Glendinning
author_facet Anum Ali Ahmad
Kathy Fletcher
Nicholas Hesford
Laura Glendinning
author_sort Anum Ali Ahmad
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The avian caecal microbiota plays a vital role in host nutrition, enabling non-digestible, fibrous material to be converted into compounds that can be absorbed and used as an energy source by the host. The diet of adult red grouse (Lagopus scotica) is dominated by heather (Calluna vulgaris), which is particularly high in fibre. It is therefore likely that the caecal microbiota plays a key role in enabling grouse to thrive on this diet. In this study, we present the first characterisation of the caecal microbiota of red grouse using modern sequencing methods. Results We performed metagenomic sequencing on caecal content samples from fifteen red grouse from three upland estates in Scotland. From this data, we constructed and characterised twelve high-quality, species-level metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). Eleven of these MAGs could not be assigned a taxonomic label at species level, indicating that they may be novel species. MAGs belonged to diverse taxa (5 phyla) and several encoded genes and pathways for the digestion of fibres, including cellulose, hemi-cellulose, xylooligosaccharides and pectin. Several MAGs also contained antimicrobial resistance genes, predominantly related to vancomycin resistance. Conclusions This study is the first to reconstruct commensal microbial genomes from red grouse. The caeca contain diverse, often novel, microbial taxa capable of fermenting various fibres, potentially aiding in the digestion of the red grouse’s high-fibre diet. Further research is necessary to explore how these bacteria support red grouse nutrition and health.
format Article
id doaj-art-f4d66c90710541c88c06e16d11f4cce1
institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2180
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Microbiology
spelling doaj-art-f4d66c90710541c88c06e16d11f4cce12025-08-24T11:10:53ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802025-08-0125111110.1186/s12866-025-04280-1Metagenomics reveals fibre fermentation and AMR pathways in red grouse (Lagopus scotica) microbiotaAnum Ali Ahmad0Kathy Fletcher1Nicholas Hesford2Laura Glendinning3The Roslin Institute, The University of EdinburghThe Game and Wildlife Conservation TrustThe Game and Wildlife Conservation TrustThe Roslin Institute, The University of EdinburghAbstract Background The avian caecal microbiota plays a vital role in host nutrition, enabling non-digestible, fibrous material to be converted into compounds that can be absorbed and used as an energy source by the host. The diet of adult red grouse (Lagopus scotica) is dominated by heather (Calluna vulgaris), which is particularly high in fibre. It is therefore likely that the caecal microbiota plays a key role in enabling grouse to thrive on this diet. In this study, we present the first characterisation of the caecal microbiota of red grouse using modern sequencing methods. Results We performed metagenomic sequencing on caecal content samples from fifteen red grouse from three upland estates in Scotland. From this data, we constructed and characterised twelve high-quality, species-level metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). Eleven of these MAGs could not be assigned a taxonomic label at species level, indicating that they may be novel species. MAGs belonged to diverse taxa (5 phyla) and several encoded genes and pathways for the digestion of fibres, including cellulose, hemi-cellulose, xylooligosaccharides and pectin. Several MAGs also contained antimicrobial resistance genes, predominantly related to vancomycin resistance. Conclusions This study is the first to reconstruct commensal microbial genomes from red grouse. The caeca contain diverse, often novel, microbial taxa capable of fermenting various fibres, potentially aiding in the digestion of the red grouse’s high-fibre diet. Further research is necessary to explore how these bacteria support red grouse nutrition and health.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04280-1MicrobiotaAvianMetagenomicsGutCaecaCaecum
spellingShingle Anum Ali Ahmad
Kathy Fletcher
Nicholas Hesford
Laura Glendinning
Metagenomics reveals fibre fermentation and AMR pathways in red grouse (Lagopus scotica) microbiota
BMC Microbiology
Microbiota
Avian
Metagenomics
Gut
Caeca
Caecum
title Metagenomics reveals fibre fermentation and AMR pathways in red grouse (Lagopus scotica) microbiota
title_full Metagenomics reveals fibre fermentation and AMR pathways in red grouse (Lagopus scotica) microbiota
title_fullStr Metagenomics reveals fibre fermentation and AMR pathways in red grouse (Lagopus scotica) microbiota
title_full_unstemmed Metagenomics reveals fibre fermentation and AMR pathways in red grouse (Lagopus scotica) microbiota
title_short Metagenomics reveals fibre fermentation and AMR pathways in red grouse (Lagopus scotica) microbiota
title_sort metagenomics reveals fibre fermentation and amr pathways in red grouse lagopus scotica microbiota
topic Microbiota
Avian
Metagenomics
Gut
Caeca
Caecum
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04280-1
work_keys_str_mv AT anumaliahmad metagenomicsrevealsfibrefermentationandamrpathwaysinredgrouselagopusscoticamicrobiota
AT kathyfletcher metagenomicsrevealsfibrefermentationandamrpathwaysinredgrouselagopusscoticamicrobiota
AT nicholashesford metagenomicsrevealsfibrefermentationandamrpathwaysinredgrouselagopusscoticamicrobiota
AT lauraglendinning metagenomicsrevealsfibrefermentationandamrpathwaysinredgrouselagopusscoticamicrobiota