Diabetes and gut microbiome

Diabetes mellitus represents a significant global health problem. The number of people suffering from this metabolic disease is constantly rising and although the incidence is heterogeneous depending on region, country, economic situation, lifestyle, diet and level of medical care, it is increasing...

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Main Authors: Kateřina Olša Fliegerová, Tiziana Maria Mahayri, Hana Sechovcová, Chahrazed Mekadim, Jakub Mrázek, Radka Jarošíková, Michal Dubský, Vladimíra Fejfarová
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-01-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1451054/full
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author Kateřina Olša Fliegerová
Tiziana Maria Mahayri
Tiziana Maria Mahayri
Hana Sechovcová
Hana Sechovcová
Chahrazed Mekadim
Jakub Mrázek
Radka Jarošíková
Radka Jarošíková
Michal Dubský
Vladimíra Fejfarová
Vladimíra Fejfarová
author_facet Kateřina Olša Fliegerová
Tiziana Maria Mahayri
Tiziana Maria Mahayri
Hana Sechovcová
Hana Sechovcová
Chahrazed Mekadim
Jakub Mrázek
Radka Jarošíková
Radka Jarošíková
Michal Dubský
Vladimíra Fejfarová
Vladimíra Fejfarová
author_sort Kateřina Olša Fliegerová
collection DOAJ
description Diabetes mellitus represents a significant global health problem. The number of people suffering from this metabolic disease is constantly rising and although the incidence is heterogeneous depending on region, country, economic situation, lifestyle, diet and level of medical care, it is increasing worldwide, especially among youths and children, mainly due to lifestyle and environmental changes. The pathogenesis of the two most common subtypes of diabetes mellitus, type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM), is substantially different, so each form is characterized by a different causation, etiology, pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment. Research in recent decades increasingly indicates the potential role of the gut microbiome in the initiation, development, and progression of this disease. Intestinal microbes and their fermentation products have an important impact on host metabolism, immune system, nutrient digestion and absorption, gut barrier integrity and protection against pathogens. This review summarizes the current evidence on the changes in gut microbial populations in both types of diabetes mellitus. Attention is focused on changes in the abundance of specific bacterial groups at different taxonomic levels in humans, and microbiome shift is also assessed in relation to geographic location, age, diet and antidiabetic drug. The causal relationship between gut bacteria and diabetes is still unclear, and future studies applying new methodological approaches to a broader range of microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract are urgently needed. This would not only provide a better understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in this metabolic disease, but also the use of beneficial bacterial species in the form of probiotics for the treatment of diabetes.
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spelling doaj-art-f43e8d4a425b405dbded048212e1816b2025-01-07T06:41:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-01-011510.3389/fmicb.2024.14510541451054Diabetes and gut microbiomeKateřina Olša Fliegerová0Tiziana Maria Mahayri1Tiziana Maria Mahayri2Hana Sechovcová3Hana Sechovcová4Chahrazed Mekadim5Jakub Mrázek6Radka Jarošíková7Radka Jarošíková8Michal Dubský9Vladimíra Fejfarová10Vladimíra Fejfarová11Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Prague, CzechiaLaboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Prague, CzechiaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, ItalyLaboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Prague, CzechiaDepartment of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, CzechiaLaboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Prague, CzechiaLaboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Prague, CzechiaInstitute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Diabetes Centre, Prague, CzechiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, CzechiaInstitute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Diabetes Centre, Prague, CzechiaInstitute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Diabetes Centre, Prague, CzechiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, CzechiaDiabetes mellitus represents a significant global health problem. The number of people suffering from this metabolic disease is constantly rising and although the incidence is heterogeneous depending on region, country, economic situation, lifestyle, diet and level of medical care, it is increasing worldwide, especially among youths and children, mainly due to lifestyle and environmental changes. The pathogenesis of the two most common subtypes of diabetes mellitus, type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM), is substantially different, so each form is characterized by a different causation, etiology, pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment. Research in recent decades increasingly indicates the potential role of the gut microbiome in the initiation, development, and progression of this disease. Intestinal microbes and their fermentation products have an important impact on host metabolism, immune system, nutrient digestion and absorption, gut barrier integrity and protection against pathogens. This review summarizes the current evidence on the changes in gut microbial populations in both types of diabetes mellitus. Attention is focused on changes in the abundance of specific bacterial groups at different taxonomic levels in humans, and microbiome shift is also assessed in relation to geographic location, age, diet and antidiabetic drug. The causal relationship between gut bacteria and diabetes is still unclear, and future studies applying new methodological approaches to a broader range of microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract are urgently needed. This would not only provide a better understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in this metabolic disease, but also the use of beneficial bacterial species in the form of probiotics for the treatment of diabetes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1451054/fullgut microbiotadiabetes mellitusT1DMT2DMantidiabetic drugs
spellingShingle Kateřina Olša Fliegerová
Tiziana Maria Mahayri
Tiziana Maria Mahayri
Hana Sechovcová
Hana Sechovcová
Chahrazed Mekadim
Jakub Mrázek
Radka Jarošíková
Radka Jarošíková
Michal Dubský
Vladimíra Fejfarová
Vladimíra Fejfarová
Diabetes and gut microbiome
Frontiers in Microbiology
gut microbiota
diabetes mellitus
T1DM
T2DM
antidiabetic drugs
title Diabetes and gut microbiome
title_full Diabetes and gut microbiome
title_fullStr Diabetes and gut microbiome
title_full_unstemmed Diabetes and gut microbiome
title_short Diabetes and gut microbiome
title_sort diabetes and gut microbiome
topic gut microbiota
diabetes mellitus
T1DM
T2DM
antidiabetic drugs
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1451054/full
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