Global, regional and national burdens of cardiovascular disease attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysis
Background Over the past three decades, significant disparities in the global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been observed, particularly CVD attributed to secondhand smoke. However, a comprehensive understanding of global trends and their interaction with secondhand smoke remains inadeq...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Open Heart |
| Online Access: | https://openheart.bmj.com/content/12/1/e003079.full |
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| author | Hong Jiang Xiang-Bin Pan Xiaofei Li Shouzheng Wang Zeye Liu Peijian Wei Fengwen Zhang Wen-Bin Ou-yang |
| author_facet | Hong Jiang Xiang-Bin Pan Xiaofei Li Shouzheng Wang Zeye Liu Peijian Wei Fengwen Zhang Wen-Bin Ou-yang |
| author_sort | Hong Jiang |
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| description | Background Over the past three decades, significant disparities in the global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been observed, particularly CVD attributed to secondhand smoke. However, a comprehensive understanding of global trends and their interaction with secondhand smoke remains inadequate.Methods Using Global Burden of Disease data (1990–2019), an age-period-cohort analysis examined temporal trends in CVD mortality among secondhand smoke-exposed populations, considering age, period and cohort interactions.Results Over the 30-year period, the global number of CVD deaths attributed to secondhand smoke increased substantially, from 432.6 thousand in 1990 (95% UI: 357.4–508.3) to 598.5 thousand in 2019 (95% UI: 489.7–713.5), representing a 38.4% increase (95% UI: 26.8%–49.5%). In 2019, CVD accounted for 45.9% of all deaths attributable to secondhand smoke among both sexes globally. Among these CVD deaths, ischaemic heart disease predominated, accounting for 66.4% of cases, compared with stroke. The distribution by sex revealed a slightly lower percentage of males (46.5%) than females (53.5%). Age-period-cohort models show overall global decline in CVD mortality due to secondhand smoke over 30 years, with regional, sex and subtype variations. Notably, a higher Sociodemographic Index (SDI) correlated with a greater reduction in mortality, exhibiting a significant 39.1% decrease in high SDI areas (95% UI: 35.6%–42.3%), in stark contrast to the minimal change observed in low SDI areas (0.1%, 95% UI: −52.4%–62.2%).Conclusions This study highlights the importance of considering secondhand smoke as a modifiable CVD risk. Further research is needed to understand disparities in CVD burden across development levels, sexes and subtypes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f4369e12a3a64fe7b91a0bc42cde1ba8 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2053-3624 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
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| series | Open Heart |
| spelling | doaj-art-f4369e12a3a64fe7b91a0bc42cde1ba82025-08-20T02:12:33ZengBMJ Publishing GroupOpen Heart2053-36242025-02-0112110.1136/openhrt-2024-003079Global, regional and national burdens of cardiovascular disease attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysisHong Jiang0Xiang-Bin Pan1Xiaofei Li2Shouzheng Wang3Zeye Liu4Peijian Wei5Fengwen Zhang6Wen-Bin Ou-yang7Department of Structural Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People`s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Structural Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People`s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Fuwai Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Structural Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People`s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University People`s Hospital & Peking University, Beijing, People`s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Structural Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People`s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Structural Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People`s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Structural Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People`s Republic of ChinaBackground Over the past three decades, significant disparities in the global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been observed, particularly CVD attributed to secondhand smoke. However, a comprehensive understanding of global trends and their interaction with secondhand smoke remains inadequate.Methods Using Global Burden of Disease data (1990–2019), an age-period-cohort analysis examined temporal trends in CVD mortality among secondhand smoke-exposed populations, considering age, period and cohort interactions.Results Over the 30-year period, the global number of CVD deaths attributed to secondhand smoke increased substantially, from 432.6 thousand in 1990 (95% UI: 357.4–508.3) to 598.5 thousand in 2019 (95% UI: 489.7–713.5), representing a 38.4% increase (95% UI: 26.8%–49.5%). In 2019, CVD accounted for 45.9% of all deaths attributable to secondhand smoke among both sexes globally. Among these CVD deaths, ischaemic heart disease predominated, accounting for 66.4% of cases, compared with stroke. The distribution by sex revealed a slightly lower percentage of males (46.5%) than females (53.5%). Age-period-cohort models show overall global decline in CVD mortality due to secondhand smoke over 30 years, with regional, sex and subtype variations. Notably, a higher Sociodemographic Index (SDI) correlated with a greater reduction in mortality, exhibiting a significant 39.1% decrease in high SDI areas (95% UI: 35.6%–42.3%), in stark contrast to the minimal change observed in low SDI areas (0.1%, 95% UI: −52.4%–62.2%).Conclusions This study highlights the importance of considering secondhand smoke as a modifiable CVD risk. Further research is needed to understand disparities in CVD burden across development levels, sexes and subtypes.https://openheart.bmj.com/content/12/1/e003079.full |
| spellingShingle | Hong Jiang Xiang-Bin Pan Xiaofei Li Shouzheng Wang Zeye Liu Peijian Wei Fengwen Zhang Wen-Bin Ou-yang Global, regional and national burdens of cardiovascular disease attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysis Open Heart |
| title | Global, regional and national burdens of cardiovascular disease attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysis |
| title_full | Global, regional and national burdens of cardiovascular disease attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysis |
| title_fullStr | Global, regional and national burdens of cardiovascular disease attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global, regional and national burdens of cardiovascular disease attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysis |
| title_short | Global, regional and national burdens of cardiovascular disease attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysis |
| title_sort | global regional and national burdens of cardiovascular disease attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990 2019 an age period cohort analysis |
| url | https://openheart.bmj.com/content/12/1/e003079.full |
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