Macro-Level Energy Demand Model for Cellular Telecommunication Networks
The surge in digital services and video streaming has considerably increased wireless broadband traffic, prompting telecom operators to rapidly expand their network infrastructure. The infrastructure of base transceiver stations (BTSs) must be upgraded to meet the growing customer demand while ensur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11127072/ |
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| author | Mochamad Mardi Marta Dinata Yohei Yamaguchi Hideaki Uchida Yoshiyuki Shimoda Agus Subekti |
| author_facet | Mochamad Mardi Marta Dinata Yohei Yamaguchi Hideaki Uchida Yoshiyuki Shimoda Agus Subekti |
| author_sort | Mochamad Mardi Marta Dinata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The surge in digital services and video streaming has considerably increased wireless broadband traffic, prompting telecom operators to rapidly expand their network infrastructure. The infrastructure of base transceiver stations (BTSs) must be upgraded to meet the growing customer demand while ensuring efficient energy use. To date, no macro-level framework has been established for calculating the energy demand in cellular networks using BTS site representations and stock composition variations as essential tools for monitoring energy management. This study proposes a framework for modeling the energy demand for cellular networks with such analytical capability. It includes two key modeling elements: 1) BTS site stock, including the composition of site types at the municipal level, differentiated by socioeconomic status and 2) energy demand at the BTS site level, estimated using archetypes that represent physical and technical characteristics. The framework was validated through a case study of the Indonesian cellular network using data from >8,500 BTS site samples across 20 municipalities. Results revealed the spatiotemporal characteristics of energy demand, with a total electricity demand of 5.37 TWh/year or 613.5 MW on average, equivalent to ~2% of the total Indonesian electricity demand in 2022. The proposed framework can be extended to other regions with limited data availability using the developed BTS site archetypes and statistical models of BTS site stock. Using the characteristic representation of BTS sites, the archetype-based approach can be used for quantifying the potential contribution of hybrid renewable energy systems, thereby accelerating the telecommunication industry’s clean energy transition and fostering implementation sustainability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f431c26e4373433d887d8c27af973ec7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-f431c26e4373433d887d8c27af973ec72025-08-25T23:11:43ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011314498214499410.1109/ACCESS.2025.359958711127072Macro-Level Energy Demand Model for Cellular Telecommunication NetworksMochamad Mardi Marta Dinata0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3817-712XYohei Yamaguchi1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6794-5939Hideaki Uchida2Yoshiyuki Shimoda3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4487-0089Agus Subekti4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-4747Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Osaka, Osaka, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, The University of Osaka, Osaka, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, The University of Osaka, Osaka, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, The University of Osaka, Osaka, JapanResearch Organization of Electronics and Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, IndonesiaThe surge in digital services and video streaming has considerably increased wireless broadband traffic, prompting telecom operators to rapidly expand their network infrastructure. The infrastructure of base transceiver stations (BTSs) must be upgraded to meet the growing customer demand while ensuring efficient energy use. To date, no macro-level framework has been established for calculating the energy demand in cellular networks using BTS site representations and stock composition variations as essential tools for monitoring energy management. This study proposes a framework for modeling the energy demand for cellular networks with such analytical capability. It includes two key modeling elements: 1) BTS site stock, including the composition of site types at the municipal level, differentiated by socioeconomic status and 2) energy demand at the BTS site level, estimated using archetypes that represent physical and technical characteristics. The framework was validated through a case study of the Indonesian cellular network using data from >8,500 BTS site samples across 20 municipalities. Results revealed the spatiotemporal characteristics of energy demand, with a total electricity demand of 5.37 TWh/year or 613.5 MW on average, equivalent to ~2% of the total Indonesian electricity demand in 2022. The proposed framework can be extended to other regions with limited data availability using the developed BTS site archetypes and statistical models of BTS site stock. Using the characteristic representation of BTS sites, the archetype-based approach can be used for quantifying the potential contribution of hybrid renewable energy systems, thereby accelerating the telecommunication industry’s clean energy transition and fostering implementation sustainability.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11127072/Archetypebase transceiver stationcellular networksenergy demandstock compositionsocioeconomic factors |
| spellingShingle | Mochamad Mardi Marta Dinata Yohei Yamaguchi Hideaki Uchida Yoshiyuki Shimoda Agus Subekti Macro-Level Energy Demand Model for Cellular Telecommunication Networks IEEE Access Archetype base transceiver station cellular networks energy demand stock composition socioeconomic factors |
| title | Macro-Level Energy Demand Model for Cellular Telecommunication Networks |
| title_full | Macro-Level Energy Demand Model for Cellular Telecommunication Networks |
| title_fullStr | Macro-Level Energy Demand Model for Cellular Telecommunication Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Macro-Level Energy Demand Model for Cellular Telecommunication Networks |
| title_short | Macro-Level Energy Demand Model for Cellular Telecommunication Networks |
| title_sort | macro level energy demand model for cellular telecommunication networks |
| topic | Archetype base transceiver station cellular networks energy demand stock composition socioeconomic factors |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11127072/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mochamadmardimartadinata macrolevelenergydemandmodelforcellulartelecommunicationnetworks AT yoheiyamaguchi macrolevelenergydemandmodelforcellulartelecommunicationnetworks AT hideakiuchida macrolevelenergydemandmodelforcellulartelecommunicationnetworks AT yoshiyukishimoda macrolevelenergydemandmodelforcellulartelecommunicationnetworks AT agussubekti macrolevelenergydemandmodelforcellulartelecommunicationnetworks |