Abundant Genetic Diversity Harbored by Traditional Naked Barley Varieties on Tibetan Plateau: Implications in Their Effective Conservation and Utilization

Naked barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> var. <i>nudum</i>) is a staple food crop, contributing significantly to global food security. Understanding genetic diversity will facilitate its effective conservation and utilization. To determine genetic diversity and its distribution w...

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Main Authors: NiMa QuZhen, Lhundrup Namgyal, Dawa Dondrup, Ying Wang, Zhi Wang, Xing-Xing Cai, Bao-Rong Lu, La Qiong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/12/1018
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author NiMa QuZhen
Lhundrup Namgyal
Dawa Dondrup
Ying Wang
Zhi Wang
Xing-Xing Cai
Bao-Rong Lu
La Qiong
author_facet NiMa QuZhen
Lhundrup Namgyal
Dawa Dondrup
Ying Wang
Zhi Wang
Xing-Xing Cai
Bao-Rong Lu
La Qiong
author_sort NiMa QuZhen
collection DOAJ
description Naked barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> var. <i>nudum</i>) is a staple food crop, contributing significantly to global food security. Understanding genetic diversity will facilitate its effective conservation and utilization. To determine genetic diversity and its distribution within and among varieties, we characterized 30 naked barley varieties from Tibet, representing the traditional, modern, and germplasm-resources-bank gene pools, by analyzing SSR molecular fingerprints. The results demonstrate abundant genetic diversity in Tibetan naked barley varieties, particularly those in the traditional gene pool that holds much more private (unique) alleles. Principal coordinates and STRUCTURE analyses indicate substantial deviation of the modern varieties from the traditional and germplasm-resources-bank varieties. A considerable amount of seed mixture is detected in the modern varieties, suggesting the practices of using mixed seeds in modern-variety cultivation. Cluster analyses further indicate the narrow genetic background of the modern varieties, likely due to the limited number of traditional/germplasm-resources-bank varieties applied in breeding. Relationships between increases in genetic diversity and sample sizes within naked barley varieties highlight the importance of effective sampling strategies for field collections. The findings from this study have important implications for the sustainable utilization and effective conservation of different types of naked barley germplasm, both in Tibet and in other regions around the world.
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spelling doaj-art-f413fccd778a426895208b154a66a6c72024-12-27T14:12:02ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372024-12-011312101810.3390/biology13121018Abundant Genetic Diversity Harbored by Traditional Naked Barley Varieties on Tibetan Plateau: Implications in Their Effective Conservation and UtilizationNiMa QuZhen0Lhundrup Namgyal1Dawa Dondrup2Ying Wang3Zhi Wang4Xing-Xing Cai5Bao-Rong Lu6La Qiong7Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, ChinaDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Shanghai 200438, ChinaDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Shanghai 200438, ChinaDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Shanghai 200438, ChinaDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Shanghai 200438, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, ChinaNaked barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> var. <i>nudum</i>) is a staple food crop, contributing significantly to global food security. Understanding genetic diversity will facilitate its effective conservation and utilization. To determine genetic diversity and its distribution within and among varieties, we characterized 30 naked barley varieties from Tibet, representing the traditional, modern, and germplasm-resources-bank gene pools, by analyzing SSR molecular fingerprints. The results demonstrate abundant genetic diversity in Tibetan naked barley varieties, particularly those in the traditional gene pool that holds much more private (unique) alleles. Principal coordinates and STRUCTURE analyses indicate substantial deviation of the modern varieties from the traditional and germplasm-resources-bank varieties. A considerable amount of seed mixture is detected in the modern varieties, suggesting the practices of using mixed seeds in modern-variety cultivation. Cluster analyses further indicate the narrow genetic background of the modern varieties, likely due to the limited number of traditional/germplasm-resources-bank varieties applied in breeding. Relationships between increases in genetic diversity and sample sizes within naked barley varieties highlight the importance of effective sampling strategies for field collections. The findings from this study have important implications for the sustainable utilization and effective conservation of different types of naked barley germplasm, both in Tibet and in other regions around the world.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/12/1018cluster analysisgene poolgenetic variationgermplasm preservationhulless barleymolecular fingerprint
spellingShingle NiMa QuZhen
Lhundrup Namgyal
Dawa Dondrup
Ying Wang
Zhi Wang
Xing-Xing Cai
Bao-Rong Lu
La Qiong
Abundant Genetic Diversity Harbored by Traditional Naked Barley Varieties on Tibetan Plateau: Implications in Their Effective Conservation and Utilization
Biology
cluster analysis
gene pool
genetic variation
germplasm preservation
hulless barley
molecular fingerprint
title Abundant Genetic Diversity Harbored by Traditional Naked Barley Varieties on Tibetan Plateau: Implications in Their Effective Conservation and Utilization
title_full Abundant Genetic Diversity Harbored by Traditional Naked Barley Varieties on Tibetan Plateau: Implications in Their Effective Conservation and Utilization
title_fullStr Abundant Genetic Diversity Harbored by Traditional Naked Barley Varieties on Tibetan Plateau: Implications in Their Effective Conservation and Utilization
title_full_unstemmed Abundant Genetic Diversity Harbored by Traditional Naked Barley Varieties on Tibetan Plateau: Implications in Their Effective Conservation and Utilization
title_short Abundant Genetic Diversity Harbored by Traditional Naked Barley Varieties on Tibetan Plateau: Implications in Their Effective Conservation and Utilization
title_sort abundant genetic diversity harbored by traditional naked barley varieties on tibetan plateau implications in their effective conservation and utilization
topic cluster analysis
gene pool
genetic variation
germplasm preservation
hulless barley
molecular fingerprint
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/12/1018
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