Epidemiological criteria for causation applied to human health harms from RF-EMF exposure: Bradford Hill revisited

Epidemiological criteria for causation applied to human health harms from RF-EMF exposure: Bradford Hill revisited

PurposeThis paper reviews the applicability of standard epidemiological criteria for causation, to the multidisciplinary studies of RF-EMF exposure and various adverse biological and health effects, with the aim of demonstrating that these criteria, although 60 years old, are still helpful in this c...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	John William Frank
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:	Frontiers in Public Health
Subjects:	radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) cancer epidemiology causation narrative review
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1559868/full
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Similar Items

Improving Monitoring of Indoor RF-EMF Exposure Using IoT-Embedded Sensors and Kriging Techniques
by: Randa Jabeur, et al.
Published: (2024-12-01)

Investigation of the Effects of 2.45 GHz Near-Field EMF on Yeast
by: Boyana Angelova, et al.
Published: (2025-07-01)

A Defense of the Contrastive Theory of Causation
by: Esteban Céspedes
Published: (2018-12-01)

An Examination and Critique of Bottom-Up Causation in the Interpretation of Free Will, Focusing on the Non-Reductionist Approach
by: Tayybhe Gholami, et al.
Published: (2025-05-01)

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) enhances mitochondrial energy production in NARP cybrids
by: Mikako Ito, et al.
Published: (2025-07-01)

Attraction or differentiation: diachronic changes in the causative alternation of Chinese change of state verbs
by: Du Jing, et al.
Published: (2024-11-01)

Electrohypersensitivity: what is belief and what is known?
by: Frank de Vocht, et al.
Published: (2025-05-01)

Effect of Web Causation Epidemiological Model on Preventive Behaviors of Diabetic Females with Genitourinary Tract Infection
by: Shaimaa A. E. Hemida, et al.
Published: (2024-04-01)

Does personal relevance moderate communication effects? The example of risk communication about 5G-related electromagnetic fields. [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
by: Efthymios Karabetsos, et al.
Published: (2025-05-01)

Mathematical model of brusherless dc motor based on the voltage equation of a three-phase winding
by: A. A. Velchenko, et al.
Published: (2024-05-01)

Experimental Study on the Explosion-Proof Safety Thresholds of RF Electromagnetic Energy in Typical 5G Frequency Bands
by: Ziwen Guo, et al.
Published: (2025-05-01)

MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSES IN CURRENT SENSOR FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT PROTECTION SYSTEMS
by: Mikhail R. Vinokurov, et al.
Published: (2012-07-01)

Experimental study of the EMF of the Soderbergh electrolyzer using an information monitoring system
by: E. A. Boronko, et al.
Published: (2024-12-01)

Automatic Characterization of High-Performance MEMS-Based IR Sensors
by: Matthew Benson, et al.
Published: (2024-01-01)

FINANCIAL SECTOR AND GROWTH PROCESS IN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE'S FORMER SOCIALIST COUNTRIES: COULD A KALDORIAN CUMULATIVE CAUSATION APPROACH HELP TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE LINKS BETWEEN THEM?
by: Stavroula DIMKOU, et al.
Published: (2017-07-01)

Effects of non-ionizing radiation on the thyroid gland in rats
by: Zeynab Seyedi Sarhad, et al.
Published: (2025-05-01)

Fast-RF-Shimming: Accelerate RF shimming in 7T MRI using deep learning
by: Zhengyi Lu, et al.
Published: (2025-09-01)

Quad-Band Multiport Rectenna for RF Energy Harvesting in Ambient Environment
by: Sunanda Roy, et al.
Published: (2021-01-01)

Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure Amplifies the Detrimental Effects of Fetal Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish Embryos
by: Derya Cansız, et al.
Published: (2024-05-01)

Design and Electromagnetic Performance Optimization of a MEMS Miniature Outer-Rotor Permanent Magnet Motor
by: Kaibo Lei, et al.
Published: (2025-07-01)

Prevalence of smoking and its changes over time in Russia: data from the ESSE-RF study
by: O. M. Drapkina, et al.
Published: (2023-12-01)

Annealing Effect After RF (Radio Frequency) Sintering of Dental Zirconia Block with Dramatically Reduced Sintering Time: Experimental Study
by: Eun-Sung Choi, et al.
Published: (2025-05-01)

Large‐Area Conductor‐Loaded PDMS Flexible Composites for Wireless and Chipless Electromagnetic Multiplexed Temperature Sensors
by: Benjamin King, et al.
Published: (2025-05-01)

Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on cancer in laboratory animal studies, a systematic review
by: Meike Mevissen, et al.
Published: (2025-05-01)

Millimeter waves and 5G standard: addition to the review
by: S. V. Jargin
Published: (2021-08-01)

National-Cultural Features of Causal Semantics Representation by Phraseological Means of Russian Language
by: O. V. Kolesnikova
Published: (2018-01-01)

Study of Air-gap Magnetic Field & Characteristic Simulation for PMSM
by: LI Huaxiang, et al.
Published: (2012-01-01)

THE RELATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH WITH PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATION (ESSE-RF IN KEMEROVO REGION)
by: S. A. Maksimov, et al.
Published: (2015-10-01)

Power Scaling Methods for RF Excitation Fields in MRI Systems
by: Seon-Eui Hong, et al.
Published: (2025-03-01)

PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN RELATION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK (ESSE-RF IN KEMEROVSKAYA REGION)
by: D. P. Tsygankova, et al.
Published: (2018-07-01)

THE DIFFERENCE OF STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES TAUGHT BY GEOGEBRA SOFTWARE ASSISSTED DISCOVERY LEARNING MODEL AND PROBLEM SOLVING LEARNING MODEL ON TRANSFORMATION GEOMETRY
by: Sisilia Marselina Taihuttu, et al.
Published: (2021-08-01)

A Quad-Band Stacked Hybrid Ambient RF-Solar Energy Harvester With Higher RF-to-DC Rectification Efficiency
by: Sunanda Roy, et al.
Published: (2021-01-01)

Full-Wave Simulation of a Solenoid RF Coil for Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging with a Clinical Scanner
by: Giulio Giovannetti, et al.
Published: (2025-04-01)

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC GRADIENTS OF BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS IN RUSSIAN POPULATION (BY THE ESSE-RF STUDY)
by: A. V. Kontsevaya, et al.
Published: (2015-08-01)

Monitoring of the exposure to electromagnetic fields with autonomous probes installed outdoors in France
by: Jawad, Ourouk, et al.
Published: (2024-05-01)

Triple-Band Circular Ring Monopole Antenna for RF Power Harvesting Applications
by: J. M. Mebara Mbida, et al.
Published: (2025-04-01)

Comparison of NeRF- and SfM-Based Methods for Point Cloud Reconstruction for Small-Sized Archaeological Artifacts
by: Miguel Ángel Maté-González, et al.
Published: (2025-07-01)

A landscape review with novel criteria to evaluate microbial drivers for cancer: priorities for innovative research targeting excessive cancer mortality in sub-Saharan Africa
by: Rebecca Toumi van Dorsten, et al.
Published: (2025-08-01)

Carbon Nanosheets Grown via RF-PECVD on Graphite Films and Thermal Properties of Graphite Film/Aluminum Composites
by: Yifu Ma, et al.
Published: (2025-05-01)

THE PREVALENCE OF NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES RISK FACTORS IN RUSSIAN POPULATION IN 2012-2013 YEARS. THE RESULTS OF ECVD-RF
by: G. A. Muromtseva, et al.
Published: (2014-12-01)