Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy and therapeutic index properties for common wound cleansing solutions, focusing on solutions containing PHMB

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) have been shown to increase patient morbidity and mortality, impact on quality of life and place a significant economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Irrigation using wound cleansing and antiseptic effective solutions during surgical procedures i...

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Main Authors: Watson, Fergus, Chen, Rui, Saint Bezard, Jeanne, Percival, Steven
Format: Article
Language:deu
Published: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House 2024-12-01
Series:GMS Hygiene and Infection Control
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.egms.de/static/en/journals/dgkh/2024-19/dgkh000528.shtml
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author Watson, Fergus
Chen, Rui
Saint Bezard, Jeanne
Percival, Steven
author_facet Watson, Fergus
Chen, Rui
Saint Bezard, Jeanne
Percival, Steven
author_sort Watson, Fergus
collection DOAJ
description Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) have been shown to increase patient morbidity and mortality, impact on quality of life and place a significant economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Irrigation using wound cleansing and antiseptic effective solutions during surgical procedures is a key part of SSI prevention. The optimal solution would have minimal cytotoxicity to the patient while maintaining a minimum concentration required for antimicrobial activity necessary to prevent opportunistic pathogens and biofilm formation.Method: A variety of common wound irrigation products, including polyhexanide in various concentrations and compositions, iodine and hypochlorous acid-based solutions, were tested and compared for their activity against pathogens according to the ESKAPE group of nosocomial relevant microbes. The antimicrobial efficacy of the solutions was tested against planktonic cells using a time-kill assay. Its minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and its cytotoxicity against mouse fibroblast cells were determined. Finally, the Therapeutic Index (TI) was compared and the biofilm activity of a selected solution containing 0.1% polyhexanide (PHMB) was tested. Results: Irrigation solutions containing 0.1% PHMB demonstrated rapid inactivation against planktonic cultures, achieving >4 lg reduction within 60 seconds. When comparing the TI of all irrigation solutions tested, the combination of 0.1% PHMB and poloxamer as an additive showed the best results in killing nosocomial pathogens and also to be less cytotoxic to mammalian fibroblasts, as demonstrated for Surgical Irrigation. When exposed to five single-species biofilms, PREVENTIA Surgical Irrigation showed a 3 lg reduction (average) after 60 minutes; this was supported by microscopy showing significant biofilm disruption and an abundance of non-viable microcolony formations.Conclusion: This study highlights the impact of irrigation solutions containing PHMB. It also demonstrated the effect of using different concentrations of PHMB in combination with surfactants as additives. The combination of 0.1% PHMB and poloxamer as a surfactant demonstrated effective benefits in eradicating established biofilm combined with a relatively high Therapeutic Index (TI), indicating low cytotoxicity and high bactericidal activity.
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spelling doaj-art-f3bb4a9ed443410e9b884528b0bd46a62024-12-19T08:12:12ZdeuGerman Medical Science GMS Publishing HouseGMS Hygiene and Infection Control2196-52262024-12-0119Doc7310.3205/dgkh000528Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy and therapeutic index properties for common wound cleansing solutions, focusing on solutions containing PHMBWatson, Fergus0Chen, Rui1Saint Bezard, Jeanne2Percival, Steven35D Health Protection Group Ltd, Liverpool, UK5D Health Protection Group Ltd, Liverpool, UK5D Health Protection Group Ltd, Liverpool, UK5D Health Protection Group Ltd, Liverpool, UKBackground: Surgical site infections (SSIs) have been shown to increase patient morbidity and mortality, impact on quality of life and place a significant economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Irrigation using wound cleansing and antiseptic effective solutions during surgical procedures is a key part of SSI prevention. The optimal solution would have minimal cytotoxicity to the patient while maintaining a minimum concentration required for antimicrobial activity necessary to prevent opportunistic pathogens and biofilm formation.Method: A variety of common wound irrigation products, including polyhexanide in various concentrations and compositions, iodine and hypochlorous acid-based solutions, were tested and compared for their activity against pathogens according to the ESKAPE group of nosocomial relevant microbes. The antimicrobial efficacy of the solutions was tested against planktonic cells using a time-kill assay. Its minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and its cytotoxicity against mouse fibroblast cells were determined. Finally, the Therapeutic Index (TI) was compared and the biofilm activity of a selected solution containing 0.1% polyhexanide (PHMB) was tested. Results: Irrigation solutions containing 0.1% PHMB demonstrated rapid inactivation against planktonic cultures, achieving >4 lg reduction within 60 seconds. When comparing the TI of all irrigation solutions tested, the combination of 0.1% PHMB and poloxamer as an additive showed the best results in killing nosocomial pathogens and also to be less cytotoxic to mammalian fibroblasts, as demonstrated for Surgical Irrigation. When exposed to five single-species biofilms, PREVENTIA Surgical Irrigation showed a 3 lg reduction (average) after 60 minutes; this was supported by microscopy showing significant biofilm disruption and an abundance of non-viable microcolony formations.Conclusion: This study highlights the impact of irrigation solutions containing PHMB. It also demonstrated the effect of using different concentrations of PHMB in combination with surfactants as additives. The combination of 0.1% PHMB and poloxamer as a surfactant demonstrated effective benefits in eradicating established biofilm combined with a relatively high Therapeutic Index (TI), indicating low cytotoxicity and high bactericidal activity.http://www.egms.de/static/en/journals/dgkh/2024-19/dgkh000528.shtmltherapeutic indexantibiofilm efficacywound/surgical irrigationcytotoxicitypolyhexanidephmbpoloxamereskape pathogenssurgical side infectionssi
spellingShingle Watson, Fergus
Chen, Rui
Saint Bezard, Jeanne
Percival, Steven
Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy and therapeutic index properties for common wound cleansing solutions, focusing on solutions containing PHMB
GMS Hygiene and Infection Control
therapeutic index
antibiofilm efficacy
wound/surgical irrigation
cytotoxicity
polyhexanide
phmb
poloxamer
eskape pathogens
surgical side infection
ssi
title Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy and therapeutic index properties for common wound cleansing solutions, focusing on solutions containing PHMB
title_full Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy and therapeutic index properties for common wound cleansing solutions, focusing on solutions containing PHMB
title_fullStr Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy and therapeutic index properties for common wound cleansing solutions, focusing on solutions containing PHMB
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy and therapeutic index properties for common wound cleansing solutions, focusing on solutions containing PHMB
title_short Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy and therapeutic index properties for common wound cleansing solutions, focusing on solutions containing PHMB
title_sort comparison of antimicrobial efficacy and therapeutic index properties for common wound cleansing solutions focusing on solutions containing phmb
topic therapeutic index
antibiofilm efficacy
wound/surgical irrigation
cytotoxicity
polyhexanide
phmb
poloxamer
eskape pathogens
surgical side infection
ssi
url http://www.egms.de/static/en/journals/dgkh/2024-19/dgkh000528.shtml
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AT saintbezardjeanne comparisonofantimicrobialefficacyandtherapeuticindexpropertiesforcommonwoundcleansingsolutionsfocusingonsolutionscontainingphmb
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