Nitrogen Assimilation, Biomass, and Yield in Response to Application of Algal Extracts, <i>Rhizobium</i> sp., and <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> as Biofertilizers in Hybrid Maize

Nitrogen is essential for plants’ growth, yield, and crop quality, and its deficiency limits food production worldwide. In addition, excessive fertilization and inefficient use of N can increase production costs and cause environmental problems. A possible solution to this problem is the application...

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Main Authors: Sandra Pérez-Álvarez, Erick H. Ochoa-Chaparro, Julio César Anchondo-Páez, César M. Escobedo-Bonilla, Joel Rascón-Solano, Marco A. Magallanes-Tapia, Luisa Patricia Uranga-Valencia, Reinier Hernández-Campos, Esteban Sánchez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Nitrogen
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3129/5/4/66
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author Sandra Pérez-Álvarez
Erick H. Ochoa-Chaparro
Julio César Anchondo-Páez
César M. Escobedo-Bonilla
Joel Rascón-Solano
Marco A. Magallanes-Tapia
Luisa Patricia Uranga-Valencia
Reinier Hernández-Campos
Esteban Sánchez
author_facet Sandra Pérez-Álvarez
Erick H. Ochoa-Chaparro
Julio César Anchondo-Páez
César M. Escobedo-Bonilla
Joel Rascón-Solano
Marco A. Magallanes-Tapia
Luisa Patricia Uranga-Valencia
Reinier Hernández-Campos
Esteban Sánchez
author_sort Sandra Pérez-Álvarez
collection DOAJ
description Nitrogen is essential for plants’ growth, yield, and crop quality, and its deficiency limits food production worldwide. In addition, excessive fertilization and inefficient use of N can increase production costs and cause environmental problems. A possible solution to this problem is the application of biofertilizers, which improve N assimilation and increase biomass and yield. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of the application of a combination of green and red algae (<i>Ulva lactuca</i> and <i>Solieria</i> spp.), <i>Rhizobium</i> sp., <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i>, and the combination of the above three biofertilizers on N assimilation. A completely randomized design was performed, with 10 plants per treatment and five treatments: T1 = control; T2 = algal extracts; T3 = <i>Rhizobium</i> sp.; T4 = <i>T. asperellum</i>; T5 = T2 + T3 + T4. Our analyses showed that the biofertilizers’ application was better than the control. The application of <i>Rhizobium</i> sp. had the best performance amongst all of the biofertilizers, with the highest nitrate reductase activity in maize leaves, which enhanced photosynthesis, increasing biomass and yield. The use of <i>Rhizobium</i> sp. showed increases in biomass (13.4%) and yield (11.82%) compared to the control. This research shows that biofertilizers can be a key component for sustainable agricultural practices.
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spelling doaj-art-f355c312304c4340a683f1add70cbd9c2024-12-27T14:44:02ZengMDPI AGNitrogen2504-31292024-11-01541031104710.3390/nitrogen5040066Nitrogen Assimilation, Biomass, and Yield in Response to Application of Algal Extracts, <i>Rhizobium</i> sp., and <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> as Biofertilizers in Hybrid MaizeSandra Pérez-Álvarez0Erick H. Ochoa-Chaparro1Julio César Anchondo-Páez2César M. Escobedo-Bonilla3Joel Rascón-Solano4Marco A. Magallanes-Tapia5Luisa Patricia Uranga-Valencia6Reinier Hernández-Campos7Esteban Sánchez8Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Km 2.5 carretera a Rosales, Campus Delicias, Delicias C.P. 33000, Chihuahua, MexicoFood and Development Research Center A.C. Unidad Delicias, Av. Cuarta Sur 3828, Fracc. Vencedores del Desierto, Delicias C.P. 33089, Chihuahua, MexicoFood and Development Research Center A.C. Unidad Delicias, Av. Cuarta Sur 3828, Fracc. Vencedores del Desierto, Delicias C.P. 33089, Chihuahua, MexicoNational Polytechnic Institute-CIIDIR Unidad Sinaloa, Juan de Dios Batiz Paredes No. 250, Guasave C.P. 81101, Sinaloa, MexicoAutonomous University of Chihuahua, Km 2.5 carretera a Rosales, Campus Delicias, Delicias C.P. 33000, Chihuahua, MexicoNational Polytechnic Institute-CIIDIR Unidad Sinaloa, Juan de Dios Batiz Paredes No. 250, Guasave C.P. 81101, Sinaloa, MexicoAutonomous University of Chihuahua, Km 2.5 carretera a Rosales, Campus Delicias, Delicias C.P. 33000, Chihuahua, MexicoUnidad Xochimilco, Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Colonia Villa Quietud, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, MexicoFood and Development Research Center A.C. Unidad Delicias, Av. Cuarta Sur 3828, Fracc. Vencedores del Desierto, Delicias C.P. 33089, Chihuahua, MexicoNitrogen is essential for plants’ growth, yield, and crop quality, and its deficiency limits food production worldwide. In addition, excessive fertilization and inefficient use of N can increase production costs and cause environmental problems. A possible solution to this problem is the application of biofertilizers, which improve N assimilation and increase biomass and yield. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of the application of a combination of green and red algae (<i>Ulva lactuca</i> and <i>Solieria</i> spp.), <i>Rhizobium</i> sp., <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i>, and the combination of the above three biofertilizers on N assimilation. A completely randomized design was performed, with 10 plants per treatment and five treatments: T1 = control; T2 = algal extracts; T3 = <i>Rhizobium</i> sp.; T4 = <i>T. asperellum</i>; T5 = T2 + T3 + T4. Our analyses showed that the biofertilizers’ application was better than the control. The application of <i>Rhizobium</i> sp. had the best performance amongst all of the biofertilizers, with the highest nitrate reductase activity in maize leaves, which enhanced photosynthesis, increasing biomass and yield. The use of <i>Rhizobium</i> sp. showed increases in biomass (13.4%) and yield (11.82%) compared to the control. This research shows that biofertilizers can be a key component for sustainable agricultural practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3129/5/4/66algal extractsbiofertilizersnitrogen assimilation<i>Rhizobium</i> sp.<i>Trichoderma asperellum</i><i>Zea mays</i> L.
spellingShingle Sandra Pérez-Álvarez
Erick H. Ochoa-Chaparro
Julio César Anchondo-Páez
César M. Escobedo-Bonilla
Joel Rascón-Solano
Marco A. Magallanes-Tapia
Luisa Patricia Uranga-Valencia
Reinier Hernández-Campos
Esteban Sánchez
Nitrogen Assimilation, Biomass, and Yield in Response to Application of Algal Extracts, <i>Rhizobium</i> sp., and <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> as Biofertilizers in Hybrid Maize
Nitrogen
algal extracts
biofertilizers
nitrogen assimilation
<i>Rhizobium</i> sp.
<i>Trichoderma asperellum</i>
<i>Zea mays</i> L.
title Nitrogen Assimilation, Biomass, and Yield in Response to Application of Algal Extracts, <i>Rhizobium</i> sp., and <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> as Biofertilizers in Hybrid Maize
title_full Nitrogen Assimilation, Biomass, and Yield in Response to Application of Algal Extracts, <i>Rhizobium</i> sp., and <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> as Biofertilizers in Hybrid Maize
title_fullStr Nitrogen Assimilation, Biomass, and Yield in Response to Application of Algal Extracts, <i>Rhizobium</i> sp., and <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> as Biofertilizers in Hybrid Maize
title_full_unstemmed Nitrogen Assimilation, Biomass, and Yield in Response to Application of Algal Extracts, <i>Rhizobium</i> sp., and <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> as Biofertilizers in Hybrid Maize
title_short Nitrogen Assimilation, Biomass, and Yield in Response to Application of Algal Extracts, <i>Rhizobium</i> sp., and <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> as Biofertilizers in Hybrid Maize
title_sort nitrogen assimilation biomass and yield in response to application of algal extracts i rhizobium i sp and i trichoderma asperellum i as biofertilizers in hybrid maize
topic algal extracts
biofertilizers
nitrogen assimilation
<i>Rhizobium</i> sp.
<i>Trichoderma asperellum</i>
<i>Zea mays</i> L.
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3129/5/4/66
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