Evaluation of Photogrammetric Methods for Displacement Measurement During Structural Load Testing
The safety and longevity of engineering structures depend on precise and timely monitoring, especially during load testing inspections. Conventional displacement measurement methods—such as LVDT sensors, GNSS, RTS, and levels—each present benefits and limitations in terms of accuracy, applicability,...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2569 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849239704067637248 |
|---|---|
| author | Ante Marendić Dubravko Gajski Ivan Duvnjak Rinaldo Paar |
| author_facet | Ante Marendić Dubravko Gajski Ivan Duvnjak Rinaldo Paar |
| author_sort | Ante Marendić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The safety and longevity of engineering structures depend on precise and timely monitoring, especially during load testing inspections. Conventional displacement measurement methods—such as LVDT sensors, GNSS, RTS, and levels—each present benefits and limitations in terms of accuracy, applicability, and practicality. Photogrammetry has emerged as a promising alternative, offering non-contact measurement, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability in challenging environments. This study investigates the potential of photogrammetric methods for determining structural displacements during load testing in real-world conditions where such approaches remain underutilized. Two photogrammetric techniques were tested: (1) a single-image homography-based approach, and (2) a multi-image bundle block adjustment (BBA) approach using both UAV and tripod-mounted imaging platforms. Displacement results from both methods were compared against reference measurements obtained by traditional LVDT sensors and robotic total station. The study evaluates the influence of different camera systems, image acquisition techniques, and processing methods on the overall measurement accuracy. The findings suggest that the photogrammetric method, especially when optimized, can provide reliable displacement data with sub-millimeter accuracy, highlighting their potential as a viable alternative or complement to established geodetic and sensor-based approaches in structural testing. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f3487f6169dc4e07b4ba0a5a4b3b2de5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-f3487f6169dc4e07b4ba0a5a4b3b2de52025-08-20T04:00:51ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-07-011715256910.3390/rs17152569Evaluation of Photogrammetric Methods for Displacement Measurement During Structural Load TestingAnte Marendić0Dubravko Gajski1Ivan Duvnjak2Rinaldo Paar3Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaThe safety and longevity of engineering structures depend on precise and timely monitoring, especially during load testing inspections. Conventional displacement measurement methods—such as LVDT sensors, GNSS, RTS, and levels—each present benefits and limitations in terms of accuracy, applicability, and practicality. Photogrammetry has emerged as a promising alternative, offering non-contact measurement, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability in challenging environments. This study investigates the potential of photogrammetric methods for determining structural displacements during load testing in real-world conditions where such approaches remain underutilized. Two photogrammetric techniques were tested: (1) a single-image homography-based approach, and (2) a multi-image bundle block adjustment (BBA) approach using both UAV and tripod-mounted imaging platforms. Displacement results from both methods were compared against reference measurements obtained by traditional LVDT sensors and robotic total station. The study evaluates the influence of different camera systems, image acquisition techniques, and processing methods on the overall measurement accuracy. The findings suggest that the photogrammetric method, especially when optimized, can provide reliable displacement data with sub-millimeter accuracy, highlighting their potential as a viable alternative or complement to established geodetic and sensor-based approaches in structural testing.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2569structural monitoringload testingdisplacement measurementphotogrammetryUAVLinear Variable Differential Transformers |
| spellingShingle | Ante Marendić Dubravko Gajski Ivan Duvnjak Rinaldo Paar Evaluation of Photogrammetric Methods for Displacement Measurement During Structural Load Testing Remote Sensing structural monitoring load testing displacement measurement photogrammetry UAV Linear Variable Differential Transformers |
| title | Evaluation of Photogrammetric Methods for Displacement Measurement During Structural Load Testing |
| title_full | Evaluation of Photogrammetric Methods for Displacement Measurement During Structural Load Testing |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Photogrammetric Methods for Displacement Measurement During Structural Load Testing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Photogrammetric Methods for Displacement Measurement During Structural Load Testing |
| title_short | Evaluation of Photogrammetric Methods for Displacement Measurement During Structural Load Testing |
| title_sort | evaluation of photogrammetric methods for displacement measurement during structural load testing |
| topic | structural monitoring load testing displacement measurement photogrammetry UAV Linear Variable Differential Transformers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2569 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT antemarendic evaluationofphotogrammetricmethodsfordisplacementmeasurementduringstructuralloadtesting AT dubravkogajski evaluationofphotogrammetricmethodsfordisplacementmeasurementduringstructuralloadtesting AT ivanduvnjak evaluationofphotogrammetricmethodsfordisplacementmeasurementduringstructuralloadtesting AT rinaldopaar evaluationofphotogrammetricmethodsfordisplacementmeasurementduringstructuralloadtesting |