Are perioperative interventions effective in preventing chronic pain after primary total knee replacement? A systematic review

Objectives For many people with advanced osteoarthritis, total knee replacement (TKR) is an effective treatment for relieving pain and improving function. Features of perioperative care may be associated with the adverse event of chronic pain 6 months or longer after surgery; effects may be direct,...

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Main Authors: Rachael Gooberman-Hill, Andrew David Beswick, Jane Dennis, Ashley William Blom, Vikki Wylde
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2019-09-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/9/e028093.full
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author Rachael Gooberman-Hill
Andrew David Beswick
Jane Dennis
Ashley William Blom
Vikki Wylde
author_facet Rachael Gooberman-Hill
Andrew David Beswick
Jane Dennis
Ashley William Blom
Vikki Wylde
author_sort Rachael Gooberman-Hill
collection DOAJ
description Objectives For many people with advanced osteoarthritis, total knee replacement (TKR) is an effective treatment for relieving pain and improving function. Features of perioperative care may be associated with the adverse event of chronic pain 6 months or longer after surgery; effects may be direct, for example, through nerve damage or surgical complications, or indirect through adverse events. This systematic review aims to evaluate whether non-surgical perioperative interventions prevent long-term pain after TKR.Methods We conducted a systematic review of perioperative interventions for adults with osteoarthritis receiving primary TKR evaluated in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL until February 2018. After screening, two reviewers evaluated articles. Studies at low risk of bias according to the Cochrane tool were included.Interventions Perioperative non-surgical interventions; control receiving no intervention or alternative treatment.Primary and secondary outcome measures Pain or score with pain component assessed at 6 months or longer postoperative.Results 44 RCTs at low risk of bias assessed long-term pain. Intervention heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis and definitive statements on effectiveness. Good-quality research provided generally weak evidence for small reductions in long-term pain with local infiltration analgesia (three studies), ketamine infusion (one study), pregabalin (one study) and supported early discharge (one study) compared with no intervention. For electric muscle stimulation (two studies), anabolic steroids (one study) and walking training (one study) there was a suggestion of more clinically important benefit. No concerns relating to long-term adverse events were reported. For a range of treatments there was no evidence linking them with unfavourable pain outcomes.Conclusions To prevent chronic pain after TKR, several perioperative interventions show benefits and merit further research. Good-quality studies assessing long-term pain after perioperative interventions are feasible and necessary to ensure that patients with osteoarthritis achieve good long-term outcomes after TKR.
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spelling doaj-art-f32777a8e98f4da9ac178ceea6dbca5b2024-11-30T20:00:08ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552019-09-019910.1136/bmjopen-2018-028093Are perioperative interventions effective in preventing chronic pain after primary total knee replacement? A systematic reviewRachael Gooberman-Hill0Andrew David Beswick1Jane Dennis2Ashley William Blom3Vikki Wylde4University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK1 Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UKMusculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK1 Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK2 National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UKObjectives For many people with advanced osteoarthritis, total knee replacement (TKR) is an effective treatment for relieving pain and improving function. Features of perioperative care may be associated with the adverse event of chronic pain 6 months or longer after surgery; effects may be direct, for example, through nerve damage or surgical complications, or indirect through adverse events. This systematic review aims to evaluate whether non-surgical perioperative interventions prevent long-term pain after TKR.Methods We conducted a systematic review of perioperative interventions for adults with osteoarthritis receiving primary TKR evaluated in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL until February 2018. After screening, two reviewers evaluated articles. Studies at low risk of bias according to the Cochrane tool were included.Interventions Perioperative non-surgical interventions; control receiving no intervention or alternative treatment.Primary and secondary outcome measures Pain or score with pain component assessed at 6 months or longer postoperative.Results 44 RCTs at low risk of bias assessed long-term pain. Intervention heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis and definitive statements on effectiveness. Good-quality research provided generally weak evidence for small reductions in long-term pain with local infiltration analgesia (three studies), ketamine infusion (one study), pregabalin (one study) and supported early discharge (one study) compared with no intervention. For electric muscle stimulation (two studies), anabolic steroids (one study) and walking training (one study) there was a suggestion of more clinically important benefit. No concerns relating to long-term adverse events were reported. For a range of treatments there was no evidence linking them with unfavourable pain outcomes.Conclusions To prevent chronic pain after TKR, several perioperative interventions show benefits and merit further research. Good-quality studies assessing long-term pain after perioperative interventions are feasible and necessary to ensure that patients with osteoarthritis achieve good long-term outcomes after TKR.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/9/e028093.full
spellingShingle Rachael Gooberman-Hill
Andrew David Beswick
Jane Dennis
Ashley William Blom
Vikki Wylde
Are perioperative interventions effective in preventing chronic pain after primary total knee replacement? A systematic review
BMJ Open
title Are perioperative interventions effective in preventing chronic pain after primary total knee replacement? A systematic review
title_full Are perioperative interventions effective in preventing chronic pain after primary total knee replacement? A systematic review
title_fullStr Are perioperative interventions effective in preventing chronic pain after primary total knee replacement? A systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Are perioperative interventions effective in preventing chronic pain after primary total knee replacement? A systematic review
title_short Are perioperative interventions effective in preventing chronic pain after primary total knee replacement? A systematic review
title_sort are perioperative interventions effective in preventing chronic pain after primary total knee replacement a systematic review
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/9/e028093.full
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