A critical review of ultra-violet light emitting diodes as a one water disinfection technology
UV light emitting diode (LED) disinfection technologies have advanced over the last decade and expanded the design space for applications in point of use, industrial, and now full-scale water treatment. This literature review examines the progression of UV LED technologies from 2007 to 2023 using ke...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Water Research X |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914724000616 |
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| author | Kyle D. Rauch Sean A. MacIsaac Bailey Reid Toni J. Mullin Ariel J Atkinson Anthony L Pimentel Amina K. Stoddart Karl G. Linden Graham A. Gagnon |
| author_facet | Kyle D. Rauch Sean A. MacIsaac Bailey Reid Toni J. Mullin Ariel J Atkinson Anthony L Pimentel Amina K. Stoddart Karl G. Linden Graham A. Gagnon |
| author_sort | Kyle D. Rauch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | UV light emitting diode (LED) disinfection technologies have advanced over the last decade and expanded the design space for applications in point of use, industrial, and now full-scale water treatment. This literature review examines the progression of UV LED technologies from 2007 to 2023 using key features such as total optical power, price, and wall-plug efficiency. The review found that optical power is increasing while the price per Watt is decreasing; however, the wall plug energy (WPE) is slowly improving over the last decade. These factors govern the feasibility of many UV LEDs applications and establish the current state of the art for these technologies. An analysis of inactivation rate constants for low-pressure, medium-pressure, and UV LED sources was undertaken and provides a comprehensive view of how current UV LED technologies compare to traditional technologies. This comparison found that UV LEDs perform comparably vs conventional UV technologies when disinfecting bacteria and viruses. Furthermore, comparison of reported reduction equivalent fluences for UV LED flow-through reactors at the bench-, pilot-, and full-scale were explored in this review, and it was found that LED treatment is becoming more effective at handling increased flowrates and has been proven to work at full-scale. UV LEDs do however require additional research into the impacts of water matrices at different wavelengths and the impact that each available LED wavelength has on disinfection. Overall, this work provides a broad assessment of UV disinfection technologies and serves as a state-of-the-art reference document for those who are interested in understanding this rapidly developing technology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f320c8f17c5a4b2189452c6a3f086d3f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2589-9147 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Research X |
| spelling | doaj-art-f320c8f17c5a4b2189452c6a3f086d3f2024-11-22T07:38:44ZengElsevierWater Research X2589-91472024-12-0125100271A critical review of ultra-violet light emitting diodes as a one water disinfection technologyKyle D. Rauch0Sean A. MacIsaac1Bailey Reid2Toni J. Mullin3Ariel J Atkinson4Anthony L Pimentel5Amina K. Stoddart6Karl G. Linden7Graham A. Gagnon8Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, CanadaCentre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, CanadaCentre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, CanadaCentre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, CanadaWater Quality Research and Development, Southern Nevada Water Authority, 100 S City Pkwy Suite 700, Las Vegas 89106, NV, USAWater Technology Group, Black & Veatch, 550 Hope St Suite 2250, Los Angeles 90071, CA, USACentre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, CanadaDepartment of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder 80303, CO, USACentre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Corresponding author.UV light emitting diode (LED) disinfection technologies have advanced over the last decade and expanded the design space for applications in point of use, industrial, and now full-scale water treatment. This literature review examines the progression of UV LED technologies from 2007 to 2023 using key features such as total optical power, price, and wall-plug efficiency. The review found that optical power is increasing while the price per Watt is decreasing; however, the wall plug energy (WPE) is slowly improving over the last decade. These factors govern the feasibility of many UV LEDs applications and establish the current state of the art for these technologies. An analysis of inactivation rate constants for low-pressure, medium-pressure, and UV LED sources was undertaken and provides a comprehensive view of how current UV LED technologies compare to traditional technologies. This comparison found that UV LEDs perform comparably vs conventional UV technologies when disinfecting bacteria and viruses. Furthermore, comparison of reported reduction equivalent fluences for UV LED flow-through reactors at the bench-, pilot-, and full-scale were explored in this review, and it was found that LED treatment is becoming more effective at handling increased flowrates and has been proven to work at full-scale. UV LEDs do however require additional research into the impacts of water matrices at different wavelengths and the impact that each available LED wavelength has on disinfection. Overall, this work provides a broad assessment of UV disinfection technologies and serves as a state-of-the-art reference document for those who are interested in understanding this rapidly developing technology.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914724000616UV LEDDisinfectionWater-energy nexusSustainable water treatment |
| spellingShingle | Kyle D. Rauch Sean A. MacIsaac Bailey Reid Toni J. Mullin Ariel J Atkinson Anthony L Pimentel Amina K. Stoddart Karl G. Linden Graham A. Gagnon A critical review of ultra-violet light emitting diodes as a one water disinfection technology Water Research X UV LED Disinfection Water-energy nexus Sustainable water treatment |
| title | A critical review of ultra-violet light emitting diodes as a one water disinfection technology |
| title_full | A critical review of ultra-violet light emitting diodes as a one water disinfection technology |
| title_fullStr | A critical review of ultra-violet light emitting diodes as a one water disinfection technology |
| title_full_unstemmed | A critical review of ultra-violet light emitting diodes as a one water disinfection technology |
| title_short | A critical review of ultra-violet light emitting diodes as a one water disinfection technology |
| title_sort | critical review of ultra violet light emitting diodes as a one water disinfection technology |
| topic | UV LED Disinfection Water-energy nexus Sustainable water treatment |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914724000616 |
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