Epidemiological trends in gastrointestinal cancers and risk factors across U.S. states from 2000 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021
Abstract Introduction Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for over a quarter of all cancer-related deaths in the United States; however, the latest trends in their prevalence remain unclear. Methods Data on GI cancers were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Age-standardized inc...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21192-3 |
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| author | Jiahao Jiang Zhiqin Xie Qingbin Wang Bingkun Wang Rong Huang Weikai Xu Changzhen Shang Yajin Chen |
| author_facet | Jiahao Jiang Zhiqin Xie Qingbin Wang Bingkun Wang Rong Huang Weikai Xu Changzhen Shang Yajin Chen |
| author_sort | Jiahao Jiang |
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| description | Abstract Introduction Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for over a quarter of all cancer-related deaths in the United States; however, the latest trends in their prevalence remain unclear. Methods Data on GI cancers were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were estimated across various states, sexes, ages, and risk factors, and annual percentage changes were calculated. Results From 2000 to 2021, liver cancer exhibited the greatest increase in both the ASIR and the ASMR, followed by pancreatic cancer. In contrast, stomach cancer showed the greatest decline, followed by colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, and biliary tract cancer. Most GI cancers predominantly affect men and tend toward a younger age of onset. Geographic disparities exist in the burden of GI cancers and their risk factors. For esophageal, stomach, and colorectal cancers, mortality rates linked to diet and smoking decreased, whereas alcohol-related mortality increased in several states, especially West Virginia. Hepatitis C remains the leading cause of liver cancer, with intravenous drug use as the primary risk factor. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the fastest-growing cause of liver cancer, followed by excessive alcohol use. Mortality rates for pancreatic cancer due to high body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose have increased across states and age groups. Discussion The epidemiological trends of GI cancers in the U.S. have shifted substantially. States need to implement targeted policies that address specific populations and risk factors for each cancer type. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-f3005bef20164526aa479d888fb64e392025-01-12T12:42:34ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-01-0125111410.1186/s12889-024-21192-3Epidemiological trends in gastrointestinal cancers and risk factors across U.S. states from 2000 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021Jiahao Jiang0Zhiqin Xie1Qingbin Wang2Bingkun Wang3Rong Huang4Weikai Xu5Changzhen Shang6Yajin Chen7Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityCenter of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityAbstract Introduction Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for over a quarter of all cancer-related deaths in the United States; however, the latest trends in their prevalence remain unclear. Methods Data on GI cancers were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were estimated across various states, sexes, ages, and risk factors, and annual percentage changes were calculated. Results From 2000 to 2021, liver cancer exhibited the greatest increase in both the ASIR and the ASMR, followed by pancreatic cancer. In contrast, stomach cancer showed the greatest decline, followed by colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, and biliary tract cancer. Most GI cancers predominantly affect men and tend toward a younger age of onset. Geographic disparities exist in the burden of GI cancers and their risk factors. For esophageal, stomach, and colorectal cancers, mortality rates linked to diet and smoking decreased, whereas alcohol-related mortality increased in several states, especially West Virginia. Hepatitis C remains the leading cause of liver cancer, with intravenous drug use as the primary risk factor. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the fastest-growing cause of liver cancer, followed by excessive alcohol use. Mortality rates for pancreatic cancer due to high body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose have increased across states and age groups. Discussion The epidemiological trends of GI cancers in the U.S. have shifted substantially. States need to implement targeted policies that address specific populations and risk factors for each cancer type.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21192-3Gastrointestinal cancersGlobal burden of diseaseRisk factorsIncidence |
| spellingShingle | Jiahao Jiang Zhiqin Xie Qingbin Wang Bingkun Wang Rong Huang Weikai Xu Changzhen Shang Yajin Chen Epidemiological trends in gastrointestinal cancers and risk factors across U.S. states from 2000 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 BMC Public Health Gastrointestinal cancers Global burden of disease Risk factors Incidence |
| title | Epidemiological trends in gastrointestinal cancers and risk factors across U.S. states from 2000 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 |
| title_full | Epidemiological trends in gastrointestinal cancers and risk factors across U.S. states from 2000 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiological trends in gastrointestinal cancers and risk factors across U.S. states from 2000 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological trends in gastrointestinal cancers and risk factors across U.S. states from 2000 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 |
| title_short | Epidemiological trends in gastrointestinal cancers and risk factors across U.S. states from 2000 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 |
| title_sort | epidemiological trends in gastrointestinal cancers and risk factors across u s states from 2000 to 2021 a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 |
| topic | Gastrointestinal cancers Global burden of disease Risk factors Incidence |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21192-3 |
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