Long‐Term Course of Depression After Stroke and Risk Factors for Symptoms With Poor Progression: A Population‐Based Study
Background Data on the long‐term poststroke depression trajectories and their determinants are limited. This study aims to estimate the 5‐year course of poststroke depression and identify risk factors for recurrent and persistent depression. Methods Data were from the South London Stroke Register (1...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.125.041931 |
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| author | Lu Liu Iain J. Marshall Ajay Bhalla Xianqi Li Salma Ayis Charles D. A. Wolfe Yanzhong Wang Matthew D. L. O'Connell |
| author_facet | Lu Liu Iain J. Marshall Ajay Bhalla Xianqi Li Salma Ayis Charles D. A. Wolfe Yanzhong Wang Matthew D. L. O'Connell |
| author_sort | Lu Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Data on the long‐term poststroke depression trajectories and their determinants are limited. This study aims to estimate the 5‐year course of poststroke depression and identify risk factors for recurrent and persistent depression. Methods Data were from the South London Stroke Register (1997–2022). Depression was defined as a subscale score >7 on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at 3 months and annually up to 5 years. Participants with >2 assessments of depression were included. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between baseline factors, changes in function, and recurrent or persistent depression. Results The analysis comprised 1724 participants (mean age, 65.5 years; men, 55.9%, White race, 65.2%). Of these, 1067 (61.9%) were not depressed at any time point. Among those with depression at some time point, 125 (19.0%) had transient depression, 231 (35.2%) had recurrent depression, and 301 (45.8%) had persistent depression. Patients with moderate to severe stroke (adjusted odds ratio, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.25–2.61]) or physical disability (adjusted odds ratio, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.12–2.26]) were more likely to develop recurrent depression, while patients with cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.44–3.05]) or prestroke depression (adjusted odds ratio, 2.67 [95% CI, 1.60–4.47]) were at increased likelihood of having persistent depression. Patients exhibiting a decline in physical ability at 3 months were more likely to experience depression with poor progression (recurrent or persistent depression), independent of the initial severity of physical disability. Conclusions Recurrent depression was associated with moderate to severe stroke or disability, whereas persistent depression was linked to prestroke depression or cognitive impairment. Progressive worsening disability was associated with recurrent or persistent depression, regardless of initial severity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f2dde8a8c3c947e69fa67a61f599f2a2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2047-9980 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-f2dde8a8c3c947e69fa67a61f599f2a22025-08-20T03:44:27ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-08-01141510.1161/JAHA.125.041931Long‐Term Course of Depression After Stroke and Risk Factors for Symptoms With Poor Progression: A Population‐Based StudyLu Liu0Iain J. Marshall1Ajay Bhalla2Xianqi Li3Salma Ayis4Charles D. A. Wolfe5Yanzhong Wang6Matthew D. L. O'Connell7School of Life Course and Population Sciences King’s College London London United KingdomSchool of Life Course and Population Sciences King’s College London London United KingdomSchool of Life Course and Population Sciences King’s College London London United KingdomSchool of Life Course and Population Sciences King’s College London London United KingdomSchool of Life Course and Population Sciences King’s College London London United KingdomSchool of Life Course and Population Sciences King’s College London London United KingdomSchool of Life Course and Population Sciences King’s College London London United KingdomSchool of Life Course and Population Sciences King’s College London London United KingdomBackground Data on the long‐term poststroke depression trajectories and their determinants are limited. This study aims to estimate the 5‐year course of poststroke depression and identify risk factors for recurrent and persistent depression. Methods Data were from the South London Stroke Register (1997–2022). Depression was defined as a subscale score >7 on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at 3 months and annually up to 5 years. Participants with >2 assessments of depression were included. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between baseline factors, changes in function, and recurrent or persistent depression. Results The analysis comprised 1724 participants (mean age, 65.5 years; men, 55.9%, White race, 65.2%). Of these, 1067 (61.9%) were not depressed at any time point. Among those with depression at some time point, 125 (19.0%) had transient depression, 231 (35.2%) had recurrent depression, and 301 (45.8%) had persistent depression. Patients with moderate to severe stroke (adjusted odds ratio, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.25–2.61]) or physical disability (adjusted odds ratio, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.12–2.26]) were more likely to develop recurrent depression, while patients with cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.44–3.05]) or prestroke depression (adjusted odds ratio, 2.67 [95% CI, 1.60–4.47]) were at increased likelihood of having persistent depression. Patients exhibiting a decline in physical ability at 3 months were more likely to experience depression with poor progression (recurrent or persistent depression), independent of the initial severity of physical disability. Conclusions Recurrent depression was associated with moderate to severe stroke or disability, whereas persistent depression was linked to prestroke depression or cognitive impairment. Progressive worsening disability was associated with recurrent or persistent depression, regardless of initial severity.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.125.041931depressionneurovascular diseasestroke |
| spellingShingle | Lu Liu Iain J. Marshall Ajay Bhalla Xianqi Li Salma Ayis Charles D. A. Wolfe Yanzhong Wang Matthew D. L. O'Connell Long‐Term Course of Depression After Stroke and Risk Factors for Symptoms With Poor Progression: A Population‐Based Study Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease depression neurovascular disease stroke |
| title | Long‐Term Course of Depression After Stroke and Risk Factors for Symptoms With Poor Progression: A Population‐Based Study |
| title_full | Long‐Term Course of Depression After Stroke and Risk Factors for Symptoms With Poor Progression: A Population‐Based Study |
| title_fullStr | Long‐Term Course of Depression After Stroke and Risk Factors for Symptoms With Poor Progression: A Population‐Based Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long‐Term Course of Depression After Stroke and Risk Factors for Symptoms With Poor Progression: A Population‐Based Study |
| title_short | Long‐Term Course of Depression After Stroke and Risk Factors for Symptoms With Poor Progression: A Population‐Based Study |
| title_sort | long term course of depression after stroke and risk factors for symptoms with poor progression a population based study |
| topic | depression neurovascular disease stroke |
| url | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.125.041931 |
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