Application of waste cocoa pod husks as a heterogeneous catalyst in homogenizer-intensified biodiesel production at room temperature
Waste agricultural biomass available abundantly with limited utilization. The cocoa pod husks comprise of inorganic compounds particularly potassium oxide which can be used as a catalyst for biodiesel production. The waste cocoa pod husks were successfully transformed into a heterogeneous catalyst u...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424003608 |
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| author | Juliati Br Tarigan Sabarmin Perangin-angin Santa Debora Daniel Manalu Rodiah N. Sari Junedi Ginting Eko K. Sitepu |
| author_facet | Juliati Br Tarigan Sabarmin Perangin-angin Santa Debora Daniel Manalu Rodiah N. Sari Junedi Ginting Eko K. Sitepu |
| author_sort | Juliati Br Tarigan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Waste agricultural biomass available abundantly with limited utilization. The cocoa pod husks comprise of inorganic compounds particularly potassium oxide which can be used as a catalyst for biodiesel production. The waste cocoa pod husks were successfully transformed into a heterogeneous catalyst under calcination at 750 °C for 4 hours. The calcined cocoa pod (CCP) was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscope – energy dispersive x-ray (SEM EDX) while the catalytic activity was evaluated using parameters of reaction time, catalyst weight, molar ratio of palm oil to methanol and rotational speed of a homogenizer. The biodiesel conversion of 96.2 ± 0.3 % was achieved under reaction conditions of a reaction time of 20 minutes, and a catalyst weight of 7 wt% (based on oil weight), molar ratio of 1:15 and rotational speed of 6000 rpm. The homogenizer-intensified biodiesel production using waste CCP as a heterogeneous catalyst could save reaction time by 87–65 % compared with other studies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f2d7393b54b8409694023baf8c79f4b5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-0164 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-f2d7393b54b8409694023baf8c79f4b52024-12-02T05:06:22ZengElsevierCase Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering2666-01642024-12-0110100966Application of waste cocoa pod husks as a heterogeneous catalyst in homogenizer-intensified biodiesel production at room temperatureJuliati Br Tarigan0Sabarmin Perangin-angin1Santa Debora2Daniel Manalu3Rodiah N. Sari4Junedi Ginting5Eko K. Sitepu6Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia; Corresponding author.Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaPusat Riset Bioindustri Laut Dan Darat, Badan Riset Dan Inovasi Nasional, Mataram, 83352, IndonesiaDepartment of Physics, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaWaste agricultural biomass available abundantly with limited utilization. The cocoa pod husks comprise of inorganic compounds particularly potassium oxide which can be used as a catalyst for biodiesel production. The waste cocoa pod husks were successfully transformed into a heterogeneous catalyst under calcination at 750 °C for 4 hours. The calcined cocoa pod (CCP) was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscope – energy dispersive x-ray (SEM EDX) while the catalytic activity was evaluated using parameters of reaction time, catalyst weight, molar ratio of palm oil to methanol and rotational speed of a homogenizer. The biodiesel conversion of 96.2 ± 0.3 % was achieved under reaction conditions of a reaction time of 20 minutes, and a catalyst weight of 7 wt% (based on oil weight), molar ratio of 1:15 and rotational speed of 6000 rpm. The homogenizer-intensified biodiesel production using waste CCP as a heterogeneous catalyst could save reaction time by 87–65 % compared with other studies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424003608Cocoa podHeterogeneous catalystHomogenizerBiodiesel |
| spellingShingle | Juliati Br Tarigan Sabarmin Perangin-angin Santa Debora Daniel Manalu Rodiah N. Sari Junedi Ginting Eko K. Sitepu Application of waste cocoa pod husks as a heterogeneous catalyst in homogenizer-intensified biodiesel production at room temperature Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering Cocoa pod Heterogeneous catalyst Homogenizer Biodiesel |
| title | Application of waste cocoa pod husks as a heterogeneous catalyst in homogenizer-intensified biodiesel production at room temperature |
| title_full | Application of waste cocoa pod husks as a heterogeneous catalyst in homogenizer-intensified biodiesel production at room temperature |
| title_fullStr | Application of waste cocoa pod husks as a heterogeneous catalyst in homogenizer-intensified biodiesel production at room temperature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of waste cocoa pod husks as a heterogeneous catalyst in homogenizer-intensified biodiesel production at room temperature |
| title_short | Application of waste cocoa pod husks as a heterogeneous catalyst in homogenizer-intensified biodiesel production at room temperature |
| title_sort | application of waste cocoa pod husks as a heterogeneous catalyst in homogenizer intensified biodiesel production at room temperature |
| topic | Cocoa pod Heterogeneous catalyst Homogenizer Biodiesel |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424003608 |
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