Which design is better? A lifecycle approach to the sustainable management of artificial habitat‐structures

Abstract This article develops a lifecycle‐based design approach to sustainably provide artificial tree hollows for habitat restoration. It addresses the growing reliance on nest boxes to mitigate impacts from development, forestry, agriculture, and extreme weather events. Although conservation effo...

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Main Authors: Dan Parker, Stanislav Roudavski, Chiara Bettega, Luigi Marchesi, Paolo Pedrini, Mattia Brambilla, Kylie Soanes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Conservation Science and Practice
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70084
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author Dan Parker
Stanislav Roudavski
Chiara Bettega
Luigi Marchesi
Paolo Pedrini
Mattia Brambilla
Kylie Soanes
author_facet Dan Parker
Stanislav Roudavski
Chiara Bettega
Luigi Marchesi
Paolo Pedrini
Mattia Brambilla
Kylie Soanes
author_sort Dan Parker
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This article develops a lifecycle‐based design approach to sustainably provide artificial tree hollows for habitat restoration. It addresses the growing reliance on nest boxes to mitigate impacts from development, forestry, agriculture, and extreme weather events. Although conservation efforts frequently use artificial hollows, their effectiveness and durability remain uncertain. This uncertainty underscores the need for designs that consider environmental, logistical, and economic factors over long periods. Our approach integrates knowledge of how natural hollows form and persist with analyses of how artificial structures function over time to create innovative designs and evaluate their sustainability. We applied this approach to a case study in a storm‐damaged forest in northern Italy, focusing on boreal owls (Aegolius funereus) as the target species. Our modeling assessed the impact of supplying artificial hollows for 50 years at 741 nesting sites, comparing prototypes made from laser‐cut plywood, 3D‐printed plastic, and mycelium blocks. The analysis showed that mycelium offered the most environmentally sustainable option according to our criteria, while plastic remained the most cost‐effective over time. Replacing plastic with mycelium could reduce carbon emissions by 75%, energy consumption by 78%, and waste generation by 81%, but would increase monetary costs by 15.5%. Plywood incurred costs similar to plastic and mycelium but would require substantial design and manufacturing improvements to compete effectively in other criteria. These findings clarify the environmental trade‐offs of different design choices and could guide the development of sustainable conservation strategies in other ecosystems.
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spelling doaj-art-f1fa9c0bcd4d49739aada822c1f39af32025-08-20T04:01:48ZengWileyConservation Science and Practice2578-48542025-08-0178n/an/a10.1111/csp2.70084Which design is better? A lifecycle approach to the sustainable management of artificial habitat‐structuresDan Parker0Stanislav Roudavski1Chiara Bettega2Luigi Marchesi3Paolo Pedrini4Mattia Brambilla5Kylie Soanes6Melbourne School of Design The University of Melbourne Parkville AustraliaMelbourne School of Design The University of Melbourne Parkville AustraliaTrento Biologia della Conservazione Museo delle Scienze di Trento Trento ItalyTrento Biologia della Conservazione Museo delle Scienze di Trento Trento ItalyTrento Biologia della Conservazione Museo delle Scienze di Trento Trento ItalyCRC Ge.S.Di.Mont University of Milan Edolo ItalySchool of Agriculture Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne Parkville AustraliaAbstract This article develops a lifecycle‐based design approach to sustainably provide artificial tree hollows for habitat restoration. It addresses the growing reliance on nest boxes to mitigate impacts from development, forestry, agriculture, and extreme weather events. Although conservation efforts frequently use artificial hollows, their effectiveness and durability remain uncertain. This uncertainty underscores the need for designs that consider environmental, logistical, and economic factors over long periods. Our approach integrates knowledge of how natural hollows form and persist with analyses of how artificial structures function over time to create innovative designs and evaluate their sustainability. We applied this approach to a case study in a storm‐damaged forest in northern Italy, focusing on boreal owls (Aegolius funereus) as the target species. Our modeling assessed the impact of supplying artificial hollows for 50 years at 741 nesting sites, comparing prototypes made from laser‐cut plywood, 3D‐printed plastic, and mycelium blocks. The analysis showed that mycelium offered the most environmentally sustainable option according to our criteria, while plastic remained the most cost‐effective over time. Replacing plastic with mycelium could reduce carbon emissions by 75%, energy consumption by 78%, and waste generation by 81%, but would increase monetary costs by 15.5%. Plywood incurred costs similar to plastic and mycelium but would require substantial design and manufacturing improvements to compete effectively in other criteria. These findings clarify the environmental trade‐offs of different design choices and could guide the development of sustainable conservation strategies in other ecosystems.https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70084artificial hollowbiodiversity conservationboreal owlcomputer‐aided designinterspecies designlifecycle analysis
spellingShingle Dan Parker
Stanislav Roudavski
Chiara Bettega
Luigi Marchesi
Paolo Pedrini
Mattia Brambilla
Kylie Soanes
Which design is better? A lifecycle approach to the sustainable management of artificial habitat‐structures
Conservation Science and Practice
artificial hollow
biodiversity conservation
boreal owl
computer‐aided design
interspecies design
lifecycle analysis
title Which design is better? A lifecycle approach to the sustainable management of artificial habitat‐structures
title_full Which design is better? A lifecycle approach to the sustainable management of artificial habitat‐structures
title_fullStr Which design is better? A lifecycle approach to the sustainable management of artificial habitat‐structures
title_full_unstemmed Which design is better? A lifecycle approach to the sustainable management of artificial habitat‐structures
title_short Which design is better? A lifecycle approach to the sustainable management of artificial habitat‐structures
title_sort which design is better a lifecycle approach to the sustainable management of artificial habitat structures
topic artificial hollow
biodiversity conservation
boreal owl
computer‐aided design
interspecies design
lifecycle analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70084
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