Research progress on pathogenesis of skin pigmentation in chronic liver disease
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a significant global health concern that leads to increased morbidity and mortality, and is associated with skin pigmentation changes. Excessive facial pigmentation is a common characteristic of patients with CLD, although the exact mechanism underlying this phenomenon...
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Association of Basic Medical Sciences of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules & Biomedicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.bjbms.org/ojs/index.php/bjbms/article/view/11085 |
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| author | Tianqi Liu Tianyu Xi Xiaoqin Dong Dong Xu |
| author_facet | Tianqi Liu Tianyu Xi Xiaoqin Dong Dong Xu |
| author_sort | Tianqi Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a significant global health concern that leads to increased morbidity and mortality, and is associated with skin pigmentation changes. Excessive facial pigmentation is a common characteristic of patients with CLD, although the exact mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. Melanin, which consists of eumelanin and pheomelanin, is synthesized in melanocytes. Its production is influenced by cysteine levels and is regulated by key enzymes, such as tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TYRP2). The transport of melanosomes within melanocytes relies primarily on the coordinated action of F-actin and microtubules. However, the mechanism of melanin transfer from melanocytes to surrounding dendritic cells requires further investigation. Several factors contribute to liver fibrosis, including oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. This article discusses the factors that are elevated in the serum of patients with chronic liver disease, which may increase melanin deposition. It also introduces the signaling pathways related to melanin synthesis, providing indirect evidence for the pathological mechanisms underlying increased melanin synthesis in CLD. Additionally, the article points out that pigmentation may serve as an important indicator of liver disease deterioration and suggests the formation of a scoring system that combines related factors to enhance the predictive accuracy. In terms of treatment, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs, such as silymarin and vitamin E, may improve CLD and reduce skin pigmentation, but their specific effects still require further investigation. Future research should focus on validating the mechanisms linking pigmentation changes with CLD progression, and exploring therapeutic methods that can simultaneously improve liver function and skin pigmentation, ultimately aiming for better patient outcomes.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f1f0aef1e1724778ae397141d5984edc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2831-0896 2831-090X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Association of Basic Medical Sciences of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules & Biomedicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-f1f0aef1e1724778ae397141d5984edc2024-12-19T16:30:58ZengAssociation of Basic Medical Sciences of Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaBiomolecules & Biomedicine2831-08962831-090X2024-12-0110.17305/bb.2024.11085Research progress on pathogenesis of skin pigmentation in chronic liver diseaseTianqi Liu0https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6380-5110Tianyu Xi1Xiaoqin Dong2Dong Xu3The Second Clinical Medical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaChronic liver disease (CLD) is a significant global health concern that leads to increased morbidity and mortality, and is associated with skin pigmentation changes. Excessive facial pigmentation is a common characteristic of patients with CLD, although the exact mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. Melanin, which consists of eumelanin and pheomelanin, is synthesized in melanocytes. Its production is influenced by cysteine levels and is regulated by key enzymes, such as tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TYRP2). The transport of melanosomes within melanocytes relies primarily on the coordinated action of F-actin and microtubules. However, the mechanism of melanin transfer from melanocytes to surrounding dendritic cells requires further investigation. Several factors contribute to liver fibrosis, including oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. This article discusses the factors that are elevated in the serum of patients with chronic liver disease, which may increase melanin deposition. It also introduces the signaling pathways related to melanin synthesis, providing indirect evidence for the pathological mechanisms underlying increased melanin synthesis in CLD. Additionally, the article points out that pigmentation may serve as an important indicator of liver disease deterioration and suggests the formation of a scoring system that combines related factors to enhance the predictive accuracy. In terms of treatment, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs, such as silymarin and vitamin E, may improve CLD and reduce skin pigmentation, but their specific effects still require further investigation. Future research should focus on validating the mechanisms linking pigmentation changes with CLD progression, and exploring therapeutic methods that can simultaneously improve liver function and skin pigmentation, ultimately aiming for better patient outcomes. https://www.bjbms.org/ojs/index.php/bjbms/article/view/11085Skin pigmentationchronic liver diseaseCLDliver cirrhosispathogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Tianqi Liu Tianyu Xi Xiaoqin Dong Dong Xu Research progress on pathogenesis of skin pigmentation in chronic liver disease Biomolecules & Biomedicine Skin pigmentation chronic liver disease CLD liver cirrhosis pathogenesis |
| title | Research progress on pathogenesis of skin pigmentation in chronic liver disease |
| title_full | Research progress on pathogenesis of skin pigmentation in chronic liver disease |
| title_fullStr | Research progress on pathogenesis of skin pigmentation in chronic liver disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research progress on pathogenesis of skin pigmentation in chronic liver disease |
| title_short | Research progress on pathogenesis of skin pigmentation in chronic liver disease |
| title_sort | research progress on pathogenesis of skin pigmentation in chronic liver disease |
| topic | Skin pigmentation chronic liver disease CLD liver cirrhosis pathogenesis |
| url | https://www.bjbms.org/ojs/index.php/bjbms/article/view/11085 |
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