Overlaps of Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and Skeletal Muscle Damage: The Muscle Injury Continuum

Abstract Background Muscle fatigue has long been identified as a potential risk factor for muscle overuse injuries, frequently occurring due to rapid eccentric contractions. Traditionally, muscle fatigue was thought to arise mainly to metabolic stress, whereas muscle damage was considered a conseque...

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Main Authors: Carsten Schwiete, Christian Roth, Joachim Mester, Holger Broich, Michael Behringer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Sports Medicine - Open
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00876-z
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author Carsten Schwiete
Christian Roth
Joachim Mester
Holger Broich
Michael Behringer
author_facet Carsten Schwiete
Christian Roth
Joachim Mester
Holger Broich
Michael Behringer
author_sort Carsten Schwiete
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Muscle fatigue has long been identified as a potential risk factor for muscle overuse injuries, frequently occurring due to rapid eccentric contractions. Traditionally, muscle fatigue was thought to arise mainly to metabolic stress, whereas muscle damage was considered a consequence of mechanical overload. However, this binary approach fails to capture the complex physiological mechanisms, including prolonged-force depression, enzyme leakage or inflammatory responses, which overlap between both entities. Main Text This narrative review synthesizes evidence regarding physiological and mechanical overlaps between muscle fatigue and muscle damage. It elaborates on the concept of a muscle injury continuum, including forms of muscle fatigue, possibly leading to mechanical tissue damage, and potentially culminating in severe muscle injuries. Additionally, the relevance of the overlaps for load monitoring and injury prevention in professional sports are discussed. Conclusion Understanding and recognizing the interplay between muscle fatigue and muscle damage is crucial for developing individualized prevention strategies, minimizing injury risk, and enhancing performance. This comprehensive approach is vital for improving load management and ensuring the long-term health and efficiency of athletes.
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spelling doaj-art-f1c9cdfea1f74a11ad641e9132d12a1f2025-08-20T03:45:10ZengSpringerOpenSports Medicine - Open2198-97612025-06-0111111210.1186/s40798-025-00876-zOverlaps of Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and Skeletal Muscle Damage: The Muscle Injury ContinuumCarsten Schwiete0Christian Roth1Joachim Mester2Holger Broich3Michael Behringer4Department of Sports Sciences, Goethe University FrankfurtDepartment of Sports Sciences, Goethe University FrankfurtGerman Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University CologneDepartment of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy, and Health, Medical School HamburgDepartment of Sports Sciences, Goethe University FrankfurtAbstract Background Muscle fatigue has long been identified as a potential risk factor for muscle overuse injuries, frequently occurring due to rapid eccentric contractions. Traditionally, muscle fatigue was thought to arise mainly to metabolic stress, whereas muscle damage was considered a consequence of mechanical overload. However, this binary approach fails to capture the complex physiological mechanisms, including prolonged-force depression, enzyme leakage or inflammatory responses, which overlap between both entities. Main Text This narrative review synthesizes evidence regarding physiological and mechanical overlaps between muscle fatigue and muscle damage. It elaborates on the concept of a muscle injury continuum, including forms of muscle fatigue, possibly leading to mechanical tissue damage, and potentially culminating in severe muscle injuries. Additionally, the relevance of the overlaps for load monitoring and injury prevention in professional sports are discussed. Conclusion Understanding and recognizing the interplay between muscle fatigue and muscle damage is crucial for developing individualized prevention strategies, minimizing injury risk, and enhancing performance. This comprehensive approach is vital for improving load management and ensuring the long-term health and efficiency of athletes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00876-zMetabolic stressMechanical overloadOverlapTissue damageInjury continuum
spellingShingle Carsten Schwiete
Christian Roth
Joachim Mester
Holger Broich
Michael Behringer
Overlaps of Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and Skeletal Muscle Damage: The Muscle Injury Continuum
Sports Medicine - Open
Metabolic stress
Mechanical overload
Overlap
Tissue damage
Injury continuum
title Overlaps of Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and Skeletal Muscle Damage: The Muscle Injury Continuum
title_full Overlaps of Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and Skeletal Muscle Damage: The Muscle Injury Continuum
title_fullStr Overlaps of Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and Skeletal Muscle Damage: The Muscle Injury Continuum
title_full_unstemmed Overlaps of Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and Skeletal Muscle Damage: The Muscle Injury Continuum
title_short Overlaps of Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and Skeletal Muscle Damage: The Muscle Injury Continuum
title_sort overlaps of skeletal muscle fatigue and skeletal muscle damage the muscle injury continuum
topic Metabolic stress
Mechanical overload
Overlap
Tissue damage
Injury continuum
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00876-z
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