MoTe<sub>2</sub> Photodetector for Integrated Lithium Niobate Photonics
The integration of a photodetector that converts optical signals into electrical signals is essential for scalable integrated lithium niobate photonics. Two-dimensional materials provide a potential high-efficiency on-chip detection capability. Here, we demonstrate an efficient on-chip photodetector...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| author | Qiaonan Dong Xinxing Sun Lang Gao Yong Zheng Rongbo Wu Ya Cheng |
| author_facet | Qiaonan Dong Xinxing Sun Lang Gao Yong Zheng Rongbo Wu Ya Cheng |
| author_sort | Qiaonan Dong |
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| description | The integration of a photodetector that converts optical signals into electrical signals is essential for scalable integrated lithium niobate photonics. Two-dimensional materials provide a potential high-efficiency on-chip detection capability. Here, we demonstrate an efficient on-chip photodetector based on a few layers of MoTe<sub>2</sub> on a thin film lithium niobate waveguide and integrate it with a microresonator operating in an optical telecommunication band. The lithium-niobate-on-insulator waveguides and micro-ring resonator are fabricated using the femtosecond laser photolithography-assisted chemical–mechanical etching method. The lithium niobate waveguide-integrated MoTe<sub>2</sub> presents an absorption coefficient of 72% and a transmission loss of 0.27 dB µm<sup>−1</sup> at 1550 nm. The on-chip photodetector exhibits a responsivity of 1 mA W<sup>−1</sup> at a bias voltage of 20 V, a low dark current of 1.6 nA, and a photo–dark current ratio of 10<sup>8</sup> W<sup>−1</sup>. Due to effective waveguide coupling and interaction with MoTe<sub>2</sub>, the generated photocurrent is approximately 160 times higher than that of free-space light irradiation. Furthermore, we demonstrate a wavelength-selective photonic device by integrating the photodetector and micro-ring resonator with a quality factor of 10<sup>4</sup> on the same chip, suggesting potential applications in the field of on-chip spectrometers and biosensors. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-f16db16ad4324d4b9f1af5a8de3166df2025-01-10T13:19:25ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-01-011517210.3390/nano15010072MoTe<sub>2</sub> Photodetector for Integrated Lithium Niobate PhotonicsQiaonan Dong0Xinxing Sun1Lang Gao2Yong Zheng3Rongbo Wu4Ya Cheng5State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, ChinaThe Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory (XXL), School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaState Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, ChinaThe Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory (XXL), School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaThe Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory (XXL), School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaState Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, ChinaThe integration of a photodetector that converts optical signals into electrical signals is essential for scalable integrated lithium niobate photonics. Two-dimensional materials provide a potential high-efficiency on-chip detection capability. Here, we demonstrate an efficient on-chip photodetector based on a few layers of MoTe<sub>2</sub> on a thin film lithium niobate waveguide and integrate it with a microresonator operating in an optical telecommunication band. The lithium-niobate-on-insulator waveguides and micro-ring resonator are fabricated using the femtosecond laser photolithography-assisted chemical–mechanical etching method. The lithium niobate waveguide-integrated MoTe<sub>2</sub> presents an absorption coefficient of 72% and a transmission loss of 0.27 dB µm<sup>−1</sup> at 1550 nm. The on-chip photodetector exhibits a responsivity of 1 mA W<sup>−1</sup> at a bias voltage of 20 V, a low dark current of 1.6 nA, and a photo–dark current ratio of 10<sup>8</sup> W<sup>−1</sup>. Due to effective waveguide coupling and interaction with MoTe<sub>2</sub>, the generated photocurrent is approximately 160 times higher than that of free-space light irradiation. Furthermore, we demonstrate a wavelength-selective photonic device by integrating the photodetector and micro-ring resonator with a quality factor of 10<sup>4</sup> on the same chip, suggesting potential applications in the field of on-chip spectrometers and biosensors.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/1/72on-chip photodetectorsMoTe<sub>2</sub>microresonatorlithium niobate photonicsphotolithography-assisted chemical–mechanical etching |
| spellingShingle | Qiaonan Dong Xinxing Sun Lang Gao Yong Zheng Rongbo Wu Ya Cheng MoTe<sub>2</sub> Photodetector for Integrated Lithium Niobate Photonics Nanomaterials on-chip photodetectors MoTe<sub>2</sub> microresonator lithium niobate photonics photolithography-assisted chemical–mechanical etching |
| title | MoTe<sub>2</sub> Photodetector for Integrated Lithium Niobate Photonics |
| title_full | MoTe<sub>2</sub> Photodetector for Integrated Lithium Niobate Photonics |
| title_fullStr | MoTe<sub>2</sub> Photodetector for Integrated Lithium Niobate Photonics |
| title_full_unstemmed | MoTe<sub>2</sub> Photodetector for Integrated Lithium Niobate Photonics |
| title_short | MoTe<sub>2</sub> Photodetector for Integrated Lithium Niobate Photonics |
| title_sort | mote sub 2 sub photodetector for integrated lithium niobate photonics |
| topic | on-chip photodetectors MoTe<sub>2</sub> microresonator lithium niobate photonics photolithography-assisted chemical–mechanical etching |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/1/72 |
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