The relationship between pan-immune inflammation value and different stages of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), remains a growing global health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between systemic inflammatory markers and both the presence and severity of DR. Special attention was given t...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-02007-x |
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