Heavy metals concentration and health risk assessment in peanut and date palm from Jigjiga City Markets, Ethiopia
Abstract Heavy metals in food can pose significant health risks, necessitating regular monitoring and assessment of their concentrations in commonly consumed foods. This study aims to assess the levels of essential and heavy metals and conduct health risk assessments in peanuts and date palms. Using...
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| Format: | Article |
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Springer
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Discover Environment |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-024-00151-0 |
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| author | Aderaw Anteneh Belew Abreham Tesfaye Besha Melese Ababay Assege Getaneh Worku Moges |
| author_facet | Aderaw Anteneh Belew Abreham Tesfaye Besha Melese Ababay Assege Getaneh Worku Moges |
| author_sort | Aderaw Anteneh Belew |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Heavy metals in food can pose significant health risks, necessitating regular monitoring and assessment of their concentrations in commonly consumed foods. This study aims to assess the levels of essential and heavy metals and conduct health risk assessments in peanuts and date palms. Using wet acid digestion, the concentrations of heavy metals: iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) were measured in six each sample of peanuts and date palms, via Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). To assess the health risks for adult males and females, the study calculated the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) based on Maximum Recommended Daily Intake (MRDI) of each metal. The average concentrations of heavy metals in peanuts were: Fe 12.6 ± 0.54, Zn 5.3 ± 0.1, Cu 3.53 ± 0.33, As 0.001 ± 0.0, Pb 0.01 ± 0.0, and Cr 0.02 ± 0.0 in mg/kg. For date palms, the average concentrations were: Fe 40.23 ± 2.5, Zn 48.31 ± 0.8, Cu 10.65 ± 0.05, As 0.05 ± 0.002, Pb 0.2 ± 0.01, and Cr 0.5 ± 0.03 in mg/kg. All measured concentrations were below WHO standards. The estimated daily intake of metals from both food was found to be below the Maximum Recommended Daily Intake (MRDI). The hazard index for peanuts was within safe limits, indicating no significant non-carcinogenic health risks. In contrast, the hazard index for date palms exceeded 1, suggesting potential non-carcinogenic health risks. Incremental lifetime cancer risks were within allowable limits. In conclusion, the concentrations of heavy metals in peanuts and date palms from the Jigjiga market are within safe limits set by the WHO. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f08d8c56ff304cc09bb6a422b13220a1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2731-9431 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Environment |
| spelling | doaj-art-f08d8c56ff304cc09bb6a422b13220a12024-11-17T12:17:43ZengSpringerDiscover Environment2731-94312024-11-012111910.1007/s44274-024-00151-0Heavy metals concentration and health risk assessment in peanut and date palm from Jigjiga City Markets, EthiopiaAderaw Anteneh Belew0Abreham Tesfaye Besha1Melese Ababay Assege2Getaneh Worku Moges3Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Jigjiga UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Jigjiga UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of GondarDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of GondarAbstract Heavy metals in food can pose significant health risks, necessitating regular monitoring and assessment of their concentrations in commonly consumed foods. This study aims to assess the levels of essential and heavy metals and conduct health risk assessments in peanuts and date palms. Using wet acid digestion, the concentrations of heavy metals: iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) were measured in six each sample of peanuts and date palms, via Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). To assess the health risks for adult males and females, the study calculated the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) based on Maximum Recommended Daily Intake (MRDI) of each metal. The average concentrations of heavy metals in peanuts were: Fe 12.6 ± 0.54, Zn 5.3 ± 0.1, Cu 3.53 ± 0.33, As 0.001 ± 0.0, Pb 0.01 ± 0.0, and Cr 0.02 ± 0.0 in mg/kg. For date palms, the average concentrations were: Fe 40.23 ± 2.5, Zn 48.31 ± 0.8, Cu 10.65 ± 0.05, As 0.05 ± 0.002, Pb 0.2 ± 0.01, and Cr 0.5 ± 0.03 in mg/kg. All measured concentrations were below WHO standards. The estimated daily intake of metals from both food was found to be below the Maximum Recommended Daily Intake (MRDI). The hazard index for peanuts was within safe limits, indicating no significant non-carcinogenic health risks. In contrast, the hazard index for date palms exceeded 1, suggesting potential non-carcinogenic health risks. Incremental lifetime cancer risks were within allowable limits. In conclusion, the concentrations of heavy metals in peanuts and date palms from the Jigjiga market are within safe limits set by the WHO.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-024-00151-0Toxic metalsHealth risk evaluationNon-carcinogenicCarcinogenicJigjiga marketsFAAS |
| spellingShingle | Aderaw Anteneh Belew Abreham Tesfaye Besha Melese Ababay Assege Getaneh Worku Moges Heavy metals concentration and health risk assessment in peanut and date palm from Jigjiga City Markets, Ethiopia Discover Environment Toxic metals Health risk evaluation Non-carcinogenic Carcinogenic Jigjiga markets FAAS |
| title | Heavy metals concentration and health risk assessment in peanut and date palm from Jigjiga City Markets, Ethiopia |
| title_full | Heavy metals concentration and health risk assessment in peanut and date palm from Jigjiga City Markets, Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Heavy metals concentration and health risk assessment in peanut and date palm from Jigjiga City Markets, Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heavy metals concentration and health risk assessment in peanut and date palm from Jigjiga City Markets, Ethiopia |
| title_short | Heavy metals concentration and health risk assessment in peanut and date palm from Jigjiga City Markets, Ethiopia |
| title_sort | heavy metals concentration and health risk assessment in peanut and date palm from jigjiga city markets ethiopia |
| topic | Toxic metals Health risk evaluation Non-carcinogenic Carcinogenic Jigjiga markets FAAS |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-024-00151-0 |
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