N-Acetylcysteine Counteracts Immune Dysfunction and Autism-Related Behaviors in the Shank3b Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a range of neurodevelopmental disabilities characterized by social interaction deficits, communication impairments, and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have shown that pro-inflammatory conditions play a key role in ASD. Despite this, how oxidative stres...

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Main Authors: Luca Pangrazzi, Enrica Cerilli, Luigi Balasco, Ginevra Matilde Dall’O’, Gabriele Chelini, Anna Pastore, Birgit Weinberger, Yuri Bozzi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/11/1390
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author Luca Pangrazzi
Enrica Cerilli
Luigi Balasco
Ginevra Matilde Dall’O’
Gabriele Chelini
Anna Pastore
Birgit Weinberger
Yuri Bozzi
author_facet Luca Pangrazzi
Enrica Cerilli
Luigi Balasco
Ginevra Matilde Dall’O’
Gabriele Chelini
Anna Pastore
Birgit Weinberger
Yuri Bozzi
author_sort Luca Pangrazzi
collection DOAJ
description Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a range of neurodevelopmental disabilities characterized by social interaction deficits, communication impairments, and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have shown that pro-inflammatory conditions play a key role in ASD. Despite this, how oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to ASD-related behaviors is still poorly understood. Here, we reported that increased levels of molecules related to inflammation are present in the cerebellum and peripheral blood (PB) of mice lacking Shank3b, an established model of syndromic ASD. In parallel, immune dysfunction was documented in the bone marrow (BM) and spleens of mutant mice. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment rescued inflammation in the cerebellum and PB and impaired the production of pro-inflammatory molecules in the BM and spleen. In addition, social impairment was counteracted in NAC-treated <i>Shank3b<sup>−/−</sup></i> animals. Taken together, our results provide clear evidence of the key role of cerebellar oxidative stress and inflammation in the establishment of ASD-related behaviors. Furthermore, our findings underscore the importance of considering ASD as a systemic disorder.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2024-11-01
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series Antioxidants
spelling doaj-art-f01dbb75527c4ffb9f22e47dd3c3b5b22024-11-26T17:47:15ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-11-011311139010.3390/antiox13111390N-Acetylcysteine Counteracts Immune Dysfunction and Autism-Related Behaviors in the Shank3b Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum DisorderLuca Pangrazzi0Enrica Cerilli1Luigi Balasco2Ginevra Matilde Dall’O’3Gabriele Chelini4Anna Pastore5Birgit Weinberger6Yuri Bozzi7Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaCIMeC—Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza della Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, ItalyCIMeC—Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza della Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, ItalyCIMeC—Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza della Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, ItalyCIMeC—Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza della Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, ItalyMetabolomics and Proteomics Unit, ‘Bambino Gesù’ Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, ItalyInstitute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaCIMeC—Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza della Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, ItalyAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a range of neurodevelopmental disabilities characterized by social interaction deficits, communication impairments, and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have shown that pro-inflammatory conditions play a key role in ASD. Despite this, how oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to ASD-related behaviors is still poorly understood. Here, we reported that increased levels of molecules related to inflammation are present in the cerebellum and peripheral blood (PB) of mice lacking Shank3b, an established model of syndromic ASD. In parallel, immune dysfunction was documented in the bone marrow (BM) and spleens of mutant mice. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment rescued inflammation in the cerebellum and PB and impaired the production of pro-inflammatory molecules in the BM and spleen. In addition, social impairment was counteracted in NAC-treated <i>Shank3b<sup>−/−</sup></i> animals. Taken together, our results provide clear evidence of the key role of cerebellar oxidative stress and inflammation in the establishment of ASD-related behaviors. Furthermore, our findings underscore the importance of considering ASD as a systemic disorder.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/11/1390autisminflammationROScerebellumNAC
spellingShingle Luca Pangrazzi
Enrica Cerilli
Luigi Balasco
Ginevra Matilde Dall’O’
Gabriele Chelini
Anna Pastore
Birgit Weinberger
Yuri Bozzi
N-Acetylcysteine Counteracts Immune Dysfunction and Autism-Related Behaviors in the Shank3b Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Antioxidants
autism
inflammation
ROS
cerebellum
NAC
title N-Acetylcysteine Counteracts Immune Dysfunction and Autism-Related Behaviors in the Shank3b Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_full N-Acetylcysteine Counteracts Immune Dysfunction and Autism-Related Behaviors in the Shank3b Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_fullStr N-Acetylcysteine Counteracts Immune Dysfunction and Autism-Related Behaviors in the Shank3b Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_full_unstemmed N-Acetylcysteine Counteracts Immune Dysfunction and Autism-Related Behaviors in the Shank3b Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_short N-Acetylcysteine Counteracts Immune Dysfunction and Autism-Related Behaviors in the Shank3b Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_sort n acetylcysteine counteracts immune dysfunction and autism related behaviors in the shank3b mouse model of autism spectrum disorder
topic autism
inflammation
ROS
cerebellum
NAC
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/11/1390
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