Epidemiology of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX US collaborative network database: retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background To analyze demographics, incidence, and prevalence of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX United States population from 2013 to 2023. Methods Retrospective cohort study of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX United States Collaborative Network database from 20...

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Main Authors: Matthew D. Spangler, Nila Kirupaharan, Camellia Edalat, Meghan K. Berkenstock
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Ophthalmology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04300-8
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author Matthew D. Spangler
Nila Kirupaharan
Camellia Edalat
Meghan K. Berkenstock
author_facet Matthew D. Spangler
Nila Kirupaharan
Camellia Edalat
Meghan K. Berkenstock
author_sort Matthew D. Spangler
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background To analyze demographics, incidence, and prevalence of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX United States population from 2013 to 2023. Methods Retrospective cohort study of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX United States Collaborative Network database from 2013 to 2023. CPT codes from the ICD-10 classification system were utilized to identify repair methods for globe injuries (65275, 65280, 65285, 65286). Demographics were analyzed using two-factor ANOVA for age and chi-squared tests for race, ethnicity, and sex. Incidence and prevalence were analyzed yearly and cumulatively. Results Of the 119,347,853 subjects in TriNetX, 231,286 cases of globe injuries were identified. Demographics varied by repair category for age and sex ratios. An ANOVA showed a significant difference between age distribution over the four subtypes (mean age 47.2 ± 21.6 years, p < 0.001). The most common procedure was repair of non-perforating corneal lacerations with or without foreign body removal (n = 182,193) and was the only cohort with a female-predominant population (n = 119,990; 65.89%). Chi-squared tests revealed significant differences by sex (p < 0.001), ethnicity (p < 0.001), and race (p < 0.001). Incidence showed variation from 2013 to 2019; however, a large decrease in incidence was noted from 2019 to 2021. Conclusions Our findings align with previous research indicating decreased globe injury incidence during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, except for perforating corneal and/or scleral lacerations without uveal tissue involvement. Our study reveals a shift towards higher affected female population than previous literature.
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spelling doaj-art-efb1b4cbaee04d1ba7551fb6a66c272a2025-08-20T04:03:17ZengBMCBMC Ophthalmology1471-24152025-08-012511710.1186/s12886-025-04300-8Epidemiology of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX US collaborative network database: retrospective cohort studyMatthew D. Spangler0Nila Kirupaharan1Camellia Edalat2Meghan K. Berkenstock3Drexel University College of MedicineDrexel University College of MedicineDrexel University College of MedicineDivision of Ocular Immunology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineAbstract Background To analyze demographics, incidence, and prevalence of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX United States population from 2013 to 2023. Methods Retrospective cohort study of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX United States Collaborative Network database from 2013 to 2023. CPT codes from the ICD-10 classification system were utilized to identify repair methods for globe injuries (65275, 65280, 65285, 65286). Demographics were analyzed using two-factor ANOVA for age and chi-squared tests for race, ethnicity, and sex. Incidence and prevalence were analyzed yearly and cumulatively. Results Of the 119,347,853 subjects in TriNetX, 231,286 cases of globe injuries were identified. Demographics varied by repair category for age and sex ratios. An ANOVA showed a significant difference between age distribution over the four subtypes (mean age 47.2 ± 21.6 years, p < 0.001). The most common procedure was repair of non-perforating corneal lacerations with or without foreign body removal (n = 182,193) and was the only cohort with a female-predominant population (n = 119,990; 65.89%). Chi-squared tests revealed significant differences by sex (p < 0.001), ethnicity (p < 0.001), and race (p < 0.001). Incidence showed variation from 2013 to 2019; however, a large decrease in incidence was noted from 2019 to 2021. Conclusions Our findings align with previous research indicating decreased globe injury incidence during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, except for perforating corneal and/or scleral lacerations without uveal tissue involvement. Our study reveals a shift towards higher affected female population than previous literature.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04300-8Eye (globe)TraumaEpidemiologySARS-CoV-2Treatment surgery
spellingShingle Matthew D. Spangler
Nila Kirupaharan
Camellia Edalat
Meghan K. Berkenstock
Epidemiology of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX US collaborative network database: retrospective cohort study
BMC Ophthalmology
Eye (globe)
Trauma
Epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Treatment surgery
title Epidemiology of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX US collaborative network database: retrospective cohort study
title_full Epidemiology of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX US collaborative network database: retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr Epidemiology of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX US collaborative network database: retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX US collaborative network database: retrospective cohort study
title_short Epidemiology of globe injury repair mechanisms in the TriNetX US collaborative network database: retrospective cohort study
title_sort epidemiology of globe injury repair mechanisms in the trinetx us collaborative network database retrospective cohort study
topic Eye (globe)
Trauma
Epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Treatment surgery
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04300-8
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