Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women, but sex-specific risk factors are incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the associations between the type of menopause, and age at natural menopause with the odds of cardiovascular disease (CVD...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zahra Jamali, Parvin Khalili, Fatemeh Ayoobi, Hajar Vatankhah, Ali Esmaeili-Nadimi, Faezeh Esmaeili Ranjbar, Mahboubeh Vatanparast
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Women's Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03452-x
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1846147548908093440
author Zahra Jamali
Parvin Khalili
Fatemeh Ayoobi
Hajar Vatankhah
Ali Esmaeili-Nadimi
Faezeh Esmaeili Ranjbar
Mahboubeh Vatanparast
author_facet Zahra Jamali
Parvin Khalili
Fatemeh Ayoobi
Hajar Vatankhah
Ali Esmaeili-Nadimi
Faezeh Esmaeili Ranjbar
Mahboubeh Vatanparast
author_sort Zahra Jamali
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women, but sex-specific risk factors are incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the associations between the type of menopause, and age at natural menopause with the odds of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods This cross-sectional study is a part of data from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) which is a branch of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN). A sample of 1767 postmenopausal women were included. The diagnosis for CVD and CHD was based on self-report questionnaires. Menopause age was categorized as < 40, 40–44, 45–49, and ≥ 50. Also, the menopause types were classified as natural and induced menopause (surgery or chemotherapy). The association was evaluated by logistic regressions. Results The menopause age < 40 years had higher odds of CVD compared to women with menopause age > 40 years (OR: 2.66; 95%CI 1.29–5.48). Women with induced menopause had higher odds of CVD compared to women with natural menopause (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.04–1.98). In terms of the odds of CHD, the results showed that the odds of CHD increased in menopause age < 40 years and induced menopause compared to reference groups (OR: 2.49, 95% CI 1.15–5.37, OR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.06–2.07, respectively). Conclusion Premature menopause and induced menopause should be considered as important risk factors for CVD, and CHD. Health policymakers should pay more attention to the type of menopause and the age of menopause in postmenopausal women to predict the risk of CVD and preventive strategies.
format Article
id doaj-art-ee9f20c01feb4d64b4a3a2315b1993de
institution Kabale University
issn 1472-6874
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Women's Health
spelling doaj-art-ee9f20c01feb4d64b4a3a2315b1993de2024-12-01T12:42:56ZengBMCBMC Women's Health1472-68742024-11-012411810.1186/s12905-024-03452-xType of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort studyZahra Jamali0Parvin Khalili1Fatemeh Ayoobi2Hajar Vatankhah3Ali Esmaeili-Nadimi4Faezeh Esmaeili Ranjbar5Mahboubeh Vatanparast6Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesOccupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesClinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Niknafs Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesMolecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesMolecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women, but sex-specific risk factors are incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the associations between the type of menopause, and age at natural menopause with the odds of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods This cross-sectional study is a part of data from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) which is a branch of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN). A sample of 1767 postmenopausal women were included. The diagnosis for CVD and CHD was based on self-report questionnaires. Menopause age was categorized as < 40, 40–44, 45–49, and ≥ 50. Also, the menopause types were classified as natural and induced menopause (surgery or chemotherapy). The association was evaluated by logistic regressions. Results The menopause age < 40 years had higher odds of CVD compared to women with menopause age > 40 years (OR: 2.66; 95%CI 1.29–5.48). Women with induced menopause had higher odds of CVD compared to women with natural menopause (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.04–1.98). In terms of the odds of CHD, the results showed that the odds of CHD increased in menopause age < 40 years and induced menopause compared to reference groups (OR: 2.49, 95% CI 1.15–5.37, OR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.06–2.07, respectively). Conclusion Premature menopause and induced menopause should be considered as important risk factors for CVD, and CHD. Health policymakers should pay more attention to the type of menopause and the age of menopause in postmenopausal women to predict the risk of CVD and preventive strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03452-xMenopauseEarly menopausePremature menopauseCardiovascular diseasesCoronary diseaseRafsanjan cohort study (RCS)
spellingShingle Zahra Jamali
Parvin Khalili
Fatemeh Ayoobi
Hajar Vatankhah
Ali Esmaeili-Nadimi
Faezeh Esmaeili Ranjbar
Mahboubeh Vatanparast
Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study
BMC Women's Health
Menopause
Early menopause
Premature menopause
Cardiovascular diseases
Coronary disease
Rafsanjan cohort study (RCS)
title Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study
title_full Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study
title_fullStr Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study
title_short Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study
title_sort type of menopause age of menopause and cardiovascular disease a cross sectional study based on data from rafsanjan cohort study
topic Menopause
Early menopause
Premature menopause
Cardiovascular diseases
Coronary disease
Rafsanjan cohort study (RCS)
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03452-x
work_keys_str_mv AT zahrajamali typeofmenopauseageofmenopauseandcardiovasculardiseaseacrosssectionalstudybasedondatafromrafsanjancohortstudy
AT parvinkhalili typeofmenopauseageofmenopauseandcardiovasculardiseaseacrosssectionalstudybasedondatafromrafsanjancohortstudy
AT fatemehayoobi typeofmenopauseageofmenopauseandcardiovasculardiseaseacrosssectionalstudybasedondatafromrafsanjancohortstudy
AT hajarvatankhah typeofmenopauseageofmenopauseandcardiovasculardiseaseacrosssectionalstudybasedondatafromrafsanjancohortstudy
AT aliesmaeilinadimi typeofmenopauseageofmenopauseandcardiovasculardiseaseacrosssectionalstudybasedondatafromrafsanjancohortstudy
AT faezehesmaeiliranjbar typeofmenopauseageofmenopauseandcardiovasculardiseaseacrosssectionalstudybasedondatafromrafsanjancohortstudy
AT mahboubehvatanparast typeofmenopauseageofmenopauseandcardiovasculardiseaseacrosssectionalstudybasedondatafromrafsanjancohortstudy