Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study
Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women, but sex-specific risk factors are incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the associations between the type of menopause, and age at natural menopause with the odds of cardiovascular disease (CVD...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Women's Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03452-x |
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| author | Zahra Jamali Parvin Khalili Fatemeh Ayoobi Hajar Vatankhah Ali Esmaeili-Nadimi Faezeh Esmaeili Ranjbar Mahboubeh Vatanparast |
| author_facet | Zahra Jamali Parvin Khalili Fatemeh Ayoobi Hajar Vatankhah Ali Esmaeili-Nadimi Faezeh Esmaeili Ranjbar Mahboubeh Vatanparast |
| author_sort | Zahra Jamali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women, but sex-specific risk factors are incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the associations between the type of menopause, and age at natural menopause with the odds of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods This cross-sectional study is a part of data from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) which is a branch of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN). A sample of 1767 postmenopausal women were included. The diagnosis for CVD and CHD was based on self-report questionnaires. Menopause age was categorized as < 40, 40–44, 45–49, and ≥ 50. Also, the menopause types were classified as natural and induced menopause (surgery or chemotherapy). The association was evaluated by logistic regressions. Results The menopause age < 40 years had higher odds of CVD compared to women with menopause age > 40 years (OR: 2.66; 95%CI 1.29–5.48). Women with induced menopause had higher odds of CVD compared to women with natural menopause (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.04–1.98). In terms of the odds of CHD, the results showed that the odds of CHD increased in menopause age < 40 years and induced menopause compared to reference groups (OR: 2.49, 95% CI 1.15–5.37, OR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.06–2.07, respectively). Conclusion Premature menopause and induced menopause should be considered as important risk factors for CVD, and CHD. Health policymakers should pay more attention to the type of menopause and the age of menopause in postmenopausal women to predict the risk of CVD and preventive strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ee9f20c01feb4d64b4a3a2315b1993de |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1472-6874 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Women's Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-ee9f20c01feb4d64b4a3a2315b1993de2024-12-01T12:42:56ZengBMCBMC Women's Health1472-68742024-11-012411810.1186/s12905-024-03452-xType of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort studyZahra Jamali0Parvin Khalili1Fatemeh Ayoobi2Hajar Vatankhah3Ali Esmaeili-Nadimi4Faezeh Esmaeili Ranjbar5Mahboubeh Vatanparast6Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesOccupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesClinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Niknafs Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesMolecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesMolecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women, but sex-specific risk factors are incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the associations between the type of menopause, and age at natural menopause with the odds of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods This cross-sectional study is a part of data from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) which is a branch of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN). A sample of 1767 postmenopausal women were included. The diagnosis for CVD and CHD was based on self-report questionnaires. Menopause age was categorized as < 40, 40–44, 45–49, and ≥ 50. Also, the menopause types were classified as natural and induced menopause (surgery or chemotherapy). The association was evaluated by logistic regressions. Results The menopause age < 40 years had higher odds of CVD compared to women with menopause age > 40 years (OR: 2.66; 95%CI 1.29–5.48). Women with induced menopause had higher odds of CVD compared to women with natural menopause (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.04–1.98). In terms of the odds of CHD, the results showed that the odds of CHD increased in menopause age < 40 years and induced menopause compared to reference groups (OR: 2.49, 95% CI 1.15–5.37, OR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.06–2.07, respectively). Conclusion Premature menopause and induced menopause should be considered as important risk factors for CVD, and CHD. Health policymakers should pay more attention to the type of menopause and the age of menopause in postmenopausal women to predict the risk of CVD and preventive strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03452-xMenopauseEarly menopausePremature menopauseCardiovascular diseasesCoronary diseaseRafsanjan cohort study (RCS) |
| spellingShingle | Zahra Jamali Parvin Khalili Fatemeh Ayoobi Hajar Vatankhah Ali Esmaeili-Nadimi Faezeh Esmaeili Ranjbar Mahboubeh Vatanparast Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study BMC Women's Health Menopause Early menopause Premature menopause Cardiovascular diseases Coronary disease Rafsanjan cohort study (RCS) |
| title | Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study |
| title_full | Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study |
| title_short | Type of menopause, age of menopause and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on data from Rafsanjan cohort study |
| title_sort | type of menopause age of menopause and cardiovascular disease a cross sectional study based on data from rafsanjan cohort study |
| topic | Menopause Early menopause Premature menopause Cardiovascular diseases Coronary disease Rafsanjan cohort study (RCS) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03452-x |
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