Combination Therapy With Rituximab and Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide and Prednisone in Membranous Nephropathy

Introduction: Standard treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP) or rituximab (RTX) is suboptimal. We adapted and used the low-dose regimen used in vasculitis (RTX 2 × 1000 mg, CP 1.5 mg/kg/d × 8 weeks, and prednisone [i.v. 2 × 1 g + 3 weeks oral starting at 1 mg/kg]). Methods: High-risk, anti-PLA2R anti...

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Main Authors: Coralien H. Vink, Jack F.M. Wetzels, Anne-Els van de Logt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Kidney International Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024924019211
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author Coralien H. Vink
Jack F.M. Wetzels
Anne-Els van de Logt
author_facet Coralien H. Vink
Jack F.M. Wetzels
Anne-Els van de Logt
author_sort Coralien H. Vink
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Standard treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP) or rituximab (RTX) is suboptimal. We adapted and used the low-dose regimen used in vasculitis (RTX 2 × 1000 mg, CP 1.5 mg/kg/d × 8 weeks, and prednisone [i.v. 2 × 1 g + 3 weeks oral starting at 1 mg/kg]). Methods: High-risk, anti-PLA2R antibodies (PLA2Rab)-positive patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) were included in this single-arm prospective cohort study. PLA2Rab levels were regularly measured. We report the PLA2Rab kinetics and overall immunological and clinical remission (CR) rate. Results: We analyzed 26 patients (15 males, aged 57 ± 14 years, PLA2Rab titer 176 [115–460] RU/ml, serum creatinine 128 [102–136] μmol/l, serum albumin 18 [14–21] g/l, and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio [uPCR] 7.1 [5.7–10] g/10 mmol). Within 8 weeks immunological remission (IR) (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay < 14 RU/ml) was 88 %. Proteinuria remission after initial therapy developed in 21 patients. Seven patients received renewed therapy, which resulted in proteinuria remission in all. IR and CR were associated with baseline PLA2Rab tertile. Five of 7 patients in need of additional therapy were identified at 4 weeks after start of therapy by PLA2Rab half-life (T1/2) > 7 days. Serious adverse events occurred in 4 patients. Adverse events were mild; leukopenia was most frequent. Conclusion: Low-dose triple therapy induced a rapid IR and CR in most patients. Patients with insufficient clinical response were characterized by high baseline PLA2Rab levels and longer PLA2Rab T1/2. Assessment of PLA2Rab levels within 2 to 4 weeks after start of therapy may enable to identify patients who need more intensive therapy.
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spelling doaj-art-ee7c5532afd743f6acb633a70e5efd582025-08-20T03:47:09ZengElsevierKidney International Reports2468-02492024-12-019123439344510.1016/j.ekir.2024.08.033Combination Therapy With Rituximab and Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide and Prednisone in Membranous NephropathyCoralien H. Vink0Jack F.M. Wetzels1Anne-Els van de Logt2Department of Nephrology, Radboud institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nephrology, Radboud institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nephrology, Radboud institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Correspondence: Anne-Els van de Logt, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen (464), the Netherlands.Introduction: Standard treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP) or rituximab (RTX) is suboptimal. We adapted and used the low-dose regimen used in vasculitis (RTX 2 × 1000 mg, CP 1.5 mg/kg/d × 8 weeks, and prednisone [i.v. 2 × 1 g + 3 weeks oral starting at 1 mg/kg]). Methods: High-risk, anti-PLA2R antibodies (PLA2Rab)-positive patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) were included in this single-arm prospective cohort study. PLA2Rab levels were regularly measured. We report the PLA2Rab kinetics and overall immunological and clinical remission (CR) rate. Results: We analyzed 26 patients (15 males, aged 57 ± 14 years, PLA2Rab titer 176 [115–460] RU/ml, serum creatinine 128 [102–136] μmol/l, serum albumin 18 [14–21] g/l, and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio [uPCR] 7.1 [5.7–10] g/10 mmol). Within 8 weeks immunological remission (IR) (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay < 14 RU/ml) was 88 %. Proteinuria remission after initial therapy developed in 21 patients. Seven patients received renewed therapy, which resulted in proteinuria remission in all. IR and CR were associated with baseline PLA2Rab tertile. Five of 7 patients in need of additional therapy were identified at 4 weeks after start of therapy by PLA2Rab half-life (T1/2) > 7 days. Serious adverse events occurred in 4 patients. Adverse events were mild; leukopenia was most frequent. Conclusion: Low-dose triple therapy induced a rapid IR and CR in most patients. Patients with insufficient clinical response were characterized by high baseline PLA2Rab levels and longer PLA2Rab T1/2. Assessment of PLA2Rab levels within 2 to 4 weeks after start of therapy may enable to identify patients who need more intensive therapy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024924019211anti-PLA2R antibodiesimmunosuppressionmembranous nephropathy
spellingShingle Coralien H. Vink
Jack F.M. Wetzels
Anne-Els van de Logt
Combination Therapy With Rituximab and Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide and Prednisone in Membranous Nephropathy
Kidney International Reports
anti-PLA2R antibodies
immunosuppression
membranous nephropathy
title Combination Therapy With Rituximab and Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide and Prednisone in Membranous Nephropathy
title_full Combination Therapy With Rituximab and Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide and Prednisone in Membranous Nephropathy
title_fullStr Combination Therapy With Rituximab and Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide and Prednisone in Membranous Nephropathy
title_full_unstemmed Combination Therapy With Rituximab and Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide and Prednisone in Membranous Nephropathy
title_short Combination Therapy With Rituximab and Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide and Prednisone in Membranous Nephropathy
title_sort combination therapy with rituximab and low dose cyclophosphamide and prednisone in membranous nephropathy
topic anti-PLA2R antibodies
immunosuppression
membranous nephropathy
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024924019211
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