A structural equation modelling to explore the determinants of mental health disorders among reproductive-aged women in Nepal: a nation-wide cross-sectional survey

Abstract Background Similar to other countries, reproductive-age women in Nepal frequently encounter diverse mental disorders, yet they receive inadequate screening and attention. This research seeks to address this gap by conducting a comprehensive examination of the prevalence and factors associat...

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Main Authors: Md. Ashfikur Rahman, Mortuja Mahamud Tohan, Sayeeda Zaman, Md. Amirul Islam, Md. Sazedur Rahman, Md. Hasan Howlader, Satyajit Kundu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:BMC Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-06249-2
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author Md. Ashfikur Rahman
Mortuja Mahamud Tohan
Sayeeda Zaman
Md. Amirul Islam
Md. Sazedur Rahman
Md. Hasan Howlader
Satyajit Kundu
author_facet Md. Ashfikur Rahman
Mortuja Mahamud Tohan
Sayeeda Zaman
Md. Amirul Islam
Md. Sazedur Rahman
Md. Hasan Howlader
Satyajit Kundu
author_sort Md. Ashfikur Rahman
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Similar to other countries, reproductive-age women in Nepal frequently encounter diverse mental disorders, yet they receive inadequate screening and attention. This research seeks to address this gap by conducting a comprehensive examination of the prevalence and factors associated with mental disorders of reproductive-age women in Nepal. Methods This study used the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022 dataset to examine the association between mental disorders and potential confounders. Screening tools for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were employed, and descriptive and inferential statistics, including linear regression and structural equation modeling, were utilized in the analysis. Results The study found that 22% of Nepalese women aged 15 to 49 reported anxiety symptoms, while 5% reported depressive symptoms. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) reveals that anxiety had the most significant positive effect on depression (β = 0.683, p < 0.001), followed by emotional violence (β = 0.139, p < 0.001). Marital status (β = 0.072, p < 0.001) and the presence of genital discharge (β = 0.084, p < 0.001) or ulcer (β = 0.058, p < 0.001) in the last 12 months were also associated with higher levels of depression. Conversely, self-rated health status (β=-0.121, p < 0.001) was negatively associated with depression, indicating that better-perceived health was linked to lower levels of depression. Conclusion Although the prevalence of anxiety symptoms is higher than that of depression, there is a positive relationship between these two. Consequently, it is crucial to address the identified factors contributing to anxiety and depression in this population group through behavioral and policy interventions to enhance the mental well-being of reproductive-age women.
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spelling doaj-art-ee535a50b7ee40b7a2b31bf1d6c1c27e2024-12-08T12:39:38ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2024-12-0124111110.1186/s12888-024-06249-2A structural equation modelling to explore the determinants of mental health disorders among reproductive-aged women in Nepal: a nation-wide cross-sectional surveyMd. Ashfikur Rahman0Mortuja Mahamud Tohan1Sayeeda Zaman2Md. Amirul Islam3Md. Sazedur Rahman4Md. Hasan Howlader5Satyajit Kundu6Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University School of General Education , Brac Univeristy Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna UniversityDevelopment Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna UniversityStatistics Discipline, Khulna UniversityDevelopment Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna UniversitySchool of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith UniversityAbstract Background Similar to other countries, reproductive-age women in Nepal frequently encounter diverse mental disorders, yet they receive inadequate screening and attention. This research seeks to address this gap by conducting a comprehensive examination of the prevalence and factors associated with mental disorders of reproductive-age women in Nepal. Methods This study used the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022 dataset to examine the association between mental disorders and potential confounders. Screening tools for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were employed, and descriptive and inferential statistics, including linear regression and structural equation modeling, were utilized in the analysis. Results The study found that 22% of Nepalese women aged 15 to 49 reported anxiety symptoms, while 5% reported depressive symptoms. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) reveals that anxiety had the most significant positive effect on depression (β = 0.683, p < 0.001), followed by emotional violence (β = 0.139, p < 0.001). Marital status (β = 0.072, p < 0.001) and the presence of genital discharge (β = 0.084, p < 0.001) or ulcer (β = 0.058, p < 0.001) in the last 12 months were also associated with higher levels of depression. Conversely, self-rated health status (β=-0.121, p < 0.001) was negatively associated with depression, indicating that better-perceived health was linked to lower levels of depression. Conclusion Although the prevalence of anxiety symptoms is higher than that of depression, there is a positive relationship between these two. Consequently, it is crucial to address the identified factors contributing to anxiety and depression in this population group through behavioral and policy interventions to enhance the mental well-being of reproductive-age women.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-06249-2WomenReproductive ageAnxietyDepressionNepal
spellingShingle Md. Ashfikur Rahman
Mortuja Mahamud Tohan
Sayeeda Zaman
Md. Amirul Islam
Md. Sazedur Rahman
Md. Hasan Howlader
Satyajit Kundu
A structural equation modelling to explore the determinants of mental health disorders among reproductive-aged women in Nepal: a nation-wide cross-sectional survey
BMC Psychiatry
Women
Reproductive age
Anxiety
Depression
Nepal
title A structural equation modelling to explore the determinants of mental health disorders among reproductive-aged women in Nepal: a nation-wide cross-sectional survey
title_full A structural equation modelling to explore the determinants of mental health disorders among reproductive-aged women in Nepal: a nation-wide cross-sectional survey
title_fullStr A structural equation modelling to explore the determinants of mental health disorders among reproductive-aged women in Nepal: a nation-wide cross-sectional survey
title_full_unstemmed A structural equation modelling to explore the determinants of mental health disorders among reproductive-aged women in Nepal: a nation-wide cross-sectional survey
title_short A structural equation modelling to explore the determinants of mental health disorders among reproductive-aged women in Nepal: a nation-wide cross-sectional survey
title_sort structural equation modelling to explore the determinants of mental health disorders among reproductive aged women in nepal a nation wide cross sectional survey
topic Women
Reproductive age
Anxiety
Depression
Nepal
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-06249-2
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