Breakfast energy intake and dietary quality and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults

Objectives: Not skipping breakfast is associated with a better overall diet quality and lower cardiometabolic risk. However, the impact of calorie intake and dietary quality of breakfast on cardiovascular health remains unexplored. We aimed to study the associations between breakfast energy intake a...

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Main Authors: Karla-Alejandra Pérez-Vega, Camille Lassale, María-Dolores Zomeño, Olga Castañer, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, F. Javier Basterra-Gortari, Dolores Corella, Ramón Estruch, Emilio Ros, Francisco J. Tinahones, Gemma Blanchart, Mireia Malcampo, Daniel Muñoz-Aguayo, Helmut Schröder, Montserrat Fitó, Álvaro Hernáez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004949
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author Karla-Alejandra Pérez-Vega
Camille Lassale
María-Dolores Zomeño
Olga Castañer
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
F. Javier Basterra-Gortari
Dolores Corella
Ramón Estruch
Emilio Ros
Francisco J. Tinahones
Gemma Blanchart
Mireia Malcampo
Daniel Muñoz-Aguayo
Helmut Schröder
Montserrat Fitó
Álvaro Hernáez
author_facet Karla-Alejandra Pérez-Vega
Camille Lassale
María-Dolores Zomeño
Olga Castañer
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
F. Javier Basterra-Gortari
Dolores Corella
Ramón Estruch
Emilio Ros
Francisco J. Tinahones
Gemma Blanchart
Mireia Malcampo
Daniel Muñoz-Aguayo
Helmut Schröder
Montserrat Fitó
Álvaro Hernáez
author_sort Karla-Alejandra Pérez-Vega
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: Not skipping breakfast is associated with a better overall diet quality and lower cardiometabolic risk. However, the impact of calorie intake and dietary quality of breakfast on cardiovascular health remains unexplored. We aimed to study the associations between breakfast energy intake and quality and time trajectories of cardiometabolic traits in high cardiovascular risk participants. Design: Prospective observational exploratory study with repeated measurements. Setting: Spanish older adults. Participants: 383 participants aged 55–75 with metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus, a clinical trial involving a weight-loss lifestyle intervention based on the Mediterranean diet. Measurements: Participants were followed for 36 months. Longitudinal averages of breakfast energy intake and quality were calculated. Three categories were defined for energy intake: 20−30% (reference), <20% (low), and >30% (high). Quality was estimated using the Meal Balance Index; categories were above (reference) or below the median score (low). Natural cubic spline mixed effects regressions described trajectories of cardiometabolic indicators (anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and kidney function) in breakfast groups. Inter-group differences in predicted values were estimated by linear regressions. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, PREDIMED-Plus intervention group, education, smoking, physical activity, and total daily kilocalorie intake. Lipid profile analyses were further adjusted for baseline hypercholesterolemia, blood pressure analyses for baseline hypertension, and glucose/glycated hemoglobin analyses for baseline diabetes. Breakfast energy intake analyses were adjusted for breakfast quality, and vice versa. Results: At 36 months, compared to the reference, low- or high-energy breakfasts were associated with differences in body mass index (low: 0.61 kg/m² [95% confidence interval: 0.19; 1.02]; high: 1.18 kg/m² [0.71; 1.65]), waist circumference (low: 2.22 cm [0.96; 3.48]; high: 4.57 cm [3.13; 6.01]), triglycerides (low: 13.8 mg/dL [10.8; 16.8]; high: 28.1 cm [24.7; 31.6]), and HDL cholesterol (low: −2.13 mg/dL [−3.41; −0.85]; high: −4.56 mg/dL [−6.04; −3.09]). At 36 months, low-quality breakfast was associated with higher waist circumference (1.50 cm [0.53; 2.46]), and triglycerides (5.81 mg/dL [3.50; 8.12]) and less HDL cholesterol (−1.66 mg/dL [−2.63; −0.69]) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (−1.22 mL/min/1.73m2 [−2.02; −0.41]). Conclusions: Low- or high-energy and low-quality breakfasts were associated with higher adiposity and triglycerides, and lower HDL cholesterol in high-risk older adults. Low-quality breakfasts were also linked to poorer kidney function.
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spelling doaj-art-ee19b02a4b2e4ebf8ae8deeddf42bac92024-12-08T06:09:11ZengElsevierThe Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging1760-47882024-12-012812100406Breakfast energy intake and dietary quality and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors in older adultsKarla-Alejandra Pérez-Vega0Camille Lassale1María-Dolores Zomeño2Olga Castañer3Jordi Salas-Salvadó4F. Javier Basterra-Gortari5Dolores Corella6Ramón Estruch7Emilio Ros8Francisco J. Tinahones9Gemma Blanchart10Mireia Malcampo11Daniel Muñoz-Aguayo12Helmut Schröder13Montserrat Fitó14Álvaro Hernáez15Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; PhD Program in Food Science and Nutrition, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus Diagonal, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, SpainHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Carrer Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, SpainHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Carrer Padilla 326, 08025 Barcelona, SpainHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, SpainConsorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Alimentaciò, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Pere Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, SpainUniversity of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, Calle Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, SpainConsorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Avinguda Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, SpainConsorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Clinic, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Carrer Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, SpainConsorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Carrer Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, SpainConsorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, SpainHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, SpainHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, SpainHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, SpainHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, SpainHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, SpainHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Carrer Padilla 326, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Corresponding author.Objectives: Not skipping breakfast is associated with a better overall diet quality and lower cardiometabolic risk. However, the impact of calorie intake and dietary quality of breakfast on cardiovascular health remains unexplored. We aimed to study the associations between breakfast energy intake and quality and time trajectories of cardiometabolic traits in high cardiovascular risk participants. Design: Prospective observational exploratory study with repeated measurements. Setting: Spanish older adults. Participants: 383 participants aged 55–75 with metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus, a clinical trial involving a weight-loss lifestyle intervention based on the Mediterranean diet. Measurements: Participants were followed for 36 months. Longitudinal averages of breakfast energy intake and quality were calculated. Three categories were defined for energy intake: 20−30% (reference), <20% (low), and >30% (high). Quality was estimated using the Meal Balance Index; categories were above (reference) or below the median score (low). Natural cubic spline mixed effects regressions described trajectories of cardiometabolic indicators (anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and kidney function) in breakfast groups. Inter-group differences in predicted values were estimated by linear regressions. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, PREDIMED-Plus intervention group, education, smoking, physical activity, and total daily kilocalorie intake. Lipid profile analyses were further adjusted for baseline hypercholesterolemia, blood pressure analyses for baseline hypertension, and glucose/glycated hemoglobin analyses for baseline diabetes. Breakfast energy intake analyses were adjusted for breakfast quality, and vice versa. Results: At 36 months, compared to the reference, low- or high-energy breakfasts were associated with differences in body mass index (low: 0.61 kg/m² [95% confidence interval: 0.19; 1.02]; high: 1.18 kg/m² [0.71; 1.65]), waist circumference (low: 2.22 cm [0.96; 3.48]; high: 4.57 cm [3.13; 6.01]), triglycerides (low: 13.8 mg/dL [10.8; 16.8]; high: 28.1 cm [24.7; 31.6]), and HDL cholesterol (low: −2.13 mg/dL [−3.41; −0.85]; high: −4.56 mg/dL [−6.04; −3.09]). At 36 months, low-quality breakfast was associated with higher waist circumference (1.50 cm [0.53; 2.46]), and triglycerides (5.81 mg/dL [3.50; 8.12]) and less HDL cholesterol (−1.66 mg/dL [−2.63; −0.69]) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (−1.22 mL/min/1.73m2 [−2.02; −0.41]). Conclusions: Low- or high-energy and low-quality breakfasts were associated with higher adiposity and triglycerides, and lower HDL cholesterol in high-risk older adults. Low-quality breakfasts were also linked to poorer kidney function.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004949BreakfastBody mass indexWaist circumferenceTriglyceridesHDL cholesterolGlomerular filtration rate
spellingShingle Karla-Alejandra Pérez-Vega
Camille Lassale
María-Dolores Zomeño
Olga Castañer
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
F. Javier Basterra-Gortari
Dolores Corella
Ramón Estruch
Emilio Ros
Francisco J. Tinahones
Gemma Blanchart
Mireia Malcampo
Daniel Muñoz-Aguayo
Helmut Schröder
Montserrat Fitó
Álvaro Hernáez
Breakfast energy intake and dietary quality and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults
The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging
Breakfast
Body mass index
Waist circumference
Triglycerides
HDL cholesterol
Glomerular filtration rate
title Breakfast energy intake and dietary quality and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults
title_full Breakfast energy intake and dietary quality and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults
title_fullStr Breakfast energy intake and dietary quality and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults
title_full_unstemmed Breakfast energy intake and dietary quality and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults
title_short Breakfast energy intake and dietary quality and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults
title_sort breakfast energy intake and dietary quality and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults
topic Breakfast
Body mass index
Waist circumference
Triglycerides
HDL cholesterol
Glomerular filtration rate
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004949
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