Evaluating Many-Body Stabilizer Rényi Entropy by Sampling Reduced Pauli Strings: Singularities, Volume Law, and Nonlocal Magic

We present a novel quantum Monte Carlo method for evaluating the α-stabilizer Rényi entropy (SRE) for any integer α≥2. By interpreting the α-SRE as partition-function ratios, we eliminate the sign problem in the imaginary-time path integral by sampling reduced Pauli strings within a reduced configur...

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Main Authors: Yi-Ming Ding, Zhe Wang, Zheng Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-08-01
Series:PRX Quantum
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/pyzr-jmvw
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author Yi-Ming Ding
Zhe Wang
Zheng Yan
author_facet Yi-Ming Ding
Zhe Wang
Zheng Yan
author_sort Yi-Ming Ding
collection DOAJ
description We present a novel quantum Monte Carlo method for evaluating the α-stabilizer Rényi entropy (SRE) for any integer α≥2. By interpreting the α-SRE as partition-function ratios, we eliminate the sign problem in the imaginary-time path integral by sampling reduced Pauli strings within a reduced configuration space, which enables efficient classical computations of the α-SRE and its derivatives to explore magic in previously inaccessible two- or higher-dimensional systems. We first isolate the free-energy part in 2-SRE, which is a trivial term. Notably, at quantum critical points in one-dimensional or two-dimensional transverse-field Ising (TFI) models, we reveal nontrivial singularities associated with the characteristic function contribution, directly tied to magic. Their interplay leads to complicated behaviors of 2-SRE, avoiding extrema at critical points generally. In contrast, analyzing the volume-law correction to SRE reveals a discontinuity tied to criticalities, suggesting that it is more informative than the full-state magic. For conformal critical points, we claim that it could reflect nonlocal magic residing in correlations. Finally, we verify that 2-SRE fails to characterize magic in mixed states (e.g., Gibbs states), yielding nonphysical results. This work provides a powerful tool for exploring the roles of magic in large-scale many-body systems and reveals the intrinsic relation between magic and many-body physics.
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spelling doaj-art-edc43c00e3f84f84b01e7bbbb6f1d7b52025-08-20T04:03:18ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPRX Quantum2691-33992025-08-016303032810.1103/pyzr-jmvwEvaluating Many-Body Stabilizer Rényi Entropy by Sampling Reduced Pauli Strings: Singularities, Volume Law, and Nonlocal MagicYi-Ming DingZhe WangZheng YanWe present a novel quantum Monte Carlo method for evaluating the α-stabilizer Rényi entropy (SRE) for any integer α≥2. By interpreting the α-SRE as partition-function ratios, we eliminate the sign problem in the imaginary-time path integral by sampling reduced Pauli strings within a reduced configuration space, which enables efficient classical computations of the α-SRE and its derivatives to explore magic in previously inaccessible two- or higher-dimensional systems. We first isolate the free-energy part in 2-SRE, which is a trivial term. Notably, at quantum critical points in one-dimensional or two-dimensional transverse-field Ising (TFI) models, we reveal nontrivial singularities associated with the characteristic function contribution, directly tied to magic. Their interplay leads to complicated behaviors of 2-SRE, avoiding extrema at critical points generally. In contrast, analyzing the volume-law correction to SRE reveals a discontinuity tied to criticalities, suggesting that it is more informative than the full-state magic. For conformal critical points, we claim that it could reflect nonlocal magic residing in correlations. Finally, we verify that 2-SRE fails to characterize magic in mixed states (e.g., Gibbs states), yielding nonphysical results. This work provides a powerful tool for exploring the roles of magic in large-scale many-body systems and reveals the intrinsic relation between magic and many-body physics.http://doi.org/10.1103/pyzr-jmvw
spellingShingle Yi-Ming Ding
Zhe Wang
Zheng Yan
Evaluating Many-Body Stabilizer Rényi Entropy by Sampling Reduced Pauli Strings: Singularities, Volume Law, and Nonlocal Magic
PRX Quantum
title Evaluating Many-Body Stabilizer Rényi Entropy by Sampling Reduced Pauli Strings: Singularities, Volume Law, and Nonlocal Magic
title_full Evaluating Many-Body Stabilizer Rényi Entropy by Sampling Reduced Pauli Strings: Singularities, Volume Law, and Nonlocal Magic
title_fullStr Evaluating Many-Body Stabilizer Rényi Entropy by Sampling Reduced Pauli Strings: Singularities, Volume Law, and Nonlocal Magic
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating Many-Body Stabilizer Rényi Entropy by Sampling Reduced Pauli Strings: Singularities, Volume Law, and Nonlocal Magic
title_short Evaluating Many-Body Stabilizer Rényi Entropy by Sampling Reduced Pauli Strings: Singularities, Volume Law, and Nonlocal Magic
title_sort evaluating many body stabilizer renyi entropy by sampling reduced pauli strings singularities volume law and nonlocal magic
url http://doi.org/10.1103/pyzr-jmvw
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AT zhewang evaluatingmanybodystabilizerrenyientropybysamplingreducedpaulistringssingularitiesvolumelawandnonlocalmagic
AT zhengyan evaluatingmanybodystabilizerrenyientropybysamplingreducedpaulistringssingularitiesvolumelawandnonlocalmagic