Integrated bioinformatics and experimental validation identify lysosome and immune infiltration-related genes as therapeutic targets in late-onset major depressive disorder

Abstract This study leverages bioinformatics to identify differential genes linked to lysosomal alterations in late-onset major depressivedisorder (LOD) patients and explores potential therapeutic drugs. We analyzed differential genes in the GSE76826 dataset usingWGCNA to identify modules associated...

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Main Authors: Jian-Zhen Hu, Yao Gao, Xiao-Na Song, Dan Wang, Xin-Zhe Du, Xiao Wang, Xiao-Dong Hu, Sha Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10283-9
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author Jian-Zhen Hu
Yao Gao
Xiao-Na Song
Dan Wang
Xin-Zhe Du
Xiao Wang
Xiao-Dong Hu
Sha Liu
author_facet Jian-Zhen Hu
Yao Gao
Xiao-Na Song
Dan Wang
Xin-Zhe Du
Xiao Wang
Xiao-Dong Hu
Sha Liu
author_sort Jian-Zhen Hu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study leverages bioinformatics to identify differential genes linked to lysosomal alterations in late-onset major depressivedisorder (LOD) patients and explores potential therapeutic drugs. We analyzed differential genes in the GSE76826 dataset usingWGCNA to identify modules associated with LOD. After intersecting with lysosomal genes, we utilized ROC and Lasso regression toassess diagnostic significance. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted on key modules, followed by CIBESORT, MCPcounter,and quanTIseq to analyze immune infiltration in LOD patients. The changes in the expression of selected genes were confirmedthrough a chronic unpredictable mild stress model. The ITCM database predicted small molecule drugs targeting lysosome-relatedgenes. We selected ANK3, BIN1, CKAP4, GPRASP1, MYO7A, and RAB20 from the Green module, which showed diagnostic value.GO biological processes revealed a link to T cell differentiation and its regulation. Immune infiltration analysis indicated a relationshipbetween LOD patients and CD8 + T cells and neutrophils, with BIN1 positively correlating with CD8 + T cells. RT-qPCR verification inanimal models confirmed our bioinformatics findings. The ITCM database suggested that 17-beta-estradiol and nickel compoundscould be potential treatments for LOD. LOD’s etiology involves multiple genes and pathways, with CD8 + T cells and Neutrophils cellspotentially advancing the disorder. 17-beta-estradiol and nickel may offer targeted therapeutic options for LOD.
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spelling doaj-art-ed395e86daf64d59a54e8fda8398a91a2025-08-20T04:01:52ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-10283-9Integrated bioinformatics and experimental validation identify lysosome and immune infiltration-related genes as therapeutic targets in late-onset major depressive disorderJian-Zhen Hu0Yao Gao1Xiao-Na Song2Dan Wang3Xin-Zhe Du4Xiao Wang5Xiao-Dong Hu6Sha Liu7Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical UniversityShanxi Provincial Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine (WM) HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityAbstract This study leverages bioinformatics to identify differential genes linked to lysosomal alterations in late-onset major depressivedisorder (LOD) patients and explores potential therapeutic drugs. We analyzed differential genes in the GSE76826 dataset usingWGCNA to identify modules associated with LOD. After intersecting with lysosomal genes, we utilized ROC and Lasso regression toassess diagnostic significance. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted on key modules, followed by CIBESORT, MCPcounter,and quanTIseq to analyze immune infiltration in LOD patients. The changes in the expression of selected genes were confirmedthrough a chronic unpredictable mild stress model. The ITCM database predicted small molecule drugs targeting lysosome-relatedgenes. We selected ANK3, BIN1, CKAP4, GPRASP1, MYO7A, and RAB20 from the Green module, which showed diagnostic value.GO biological processes revealed a link to T cell differentiation and its regulation. Immune infiltration analysis indicated a relationshipbetween LOD patients and CD8 + T cells and neutrophils, with BIN1 positively correlating with CD8 + T cells. RT-qPCR verification inanimal models confirmed our bioinformatics findings. The ITCM database suggested that 17-beta-estradiol and nickel compoundscould be potential treatments for LOD. LOD’s etiology involves multiple genes and pathways, with CD8 + T cells and Neutrophils cellspotentially advancing the disorder. 17-beta-estradiol and nickel may offer targeted therapeutic options for LOD.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10283-9Biological informationLate-onset major depressive disorderCD8 + T cellsRegression analysisImmune infiltration
spellingShingle Jian-Zhen Hu
Yao Gao
Xiao-Na Song
Dan Wang
Xin-Zhe Du
Xiao Wang
Xiao-Dong Hu
Sha Liu
Integrated bioinformatics and experimental validation identify lysosome and immune infiltration-related genes as therapeutic targets in late-onset major depressive disorder
Scientific Reports
Biological information
Late-onset major depressive disorder
CD8 + T cells
Regression analysis
Immune infiltration
title Integrated bioinformatics and experimental validation identify lysosome and immune infiltration-related genes as therapeutic targets in late-onset major depressive disorder
title_full Integrated bioinformatics and experimental validation identify lysosome and immune infiltration-related genes as therapeutic targets in late-onset major depressive disorder
title_fullStr Integrated bioinformatics and experimental validation identify lysosome and immune infiltration-related genes as therapeutic targets in late-onset major depressive disorder
title_full_unstemmed Integrated bioinformatics and experimental validation identify lysosome and immune infiltration-related genes as therapeutic targets in late-onset major depressive disorder
title_short Integrated bioinformatics and experimental validation identify lysosome and immune infiltration-related genes as therapeutic targets in late-onset major depressive disorder
title_sort integrated bioinformatics and experimental validation identify lysosome and immune infiltration related genes as therapeutic targets in late onset major depressive disorder
topic Biological information
Late-onset major depressive disorder
CD8 + T cells
Regression analysis
Immune infiltration
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10283-9
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