Combinations of multiple long term conditions and risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021-22 in England: population based cohort study

Objective To describe which combinations of long term conditions were associated with a higher risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021-22 (the third wave of the covid-19 pandemic) in adults in England.Design Population based cohort study.Setting Linked primary and secondary care data...

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Main Authors: Amitava Banerjee, Francesco Zaccardi, Kamlesh Khunti, Vahe Nafilyan, Nusrat Khan, Hajira Dambha-Miller, Clare Gillies, Nazrul Islam, Sharmin Shabnam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-08-01
Series:BMJ Medicine
Online Access:https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/3/1/e001016.full
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author Amitava Banerjee
Francesco Zaccardi
Kamlesh Khunti
Vahe Nafilyan
Nusrat Khan
Hajira Dambha-Miller
Clare Gillies
Nazrul Islam
Sharmin Shabnam
author_facet Amitava Banerjee
Francesco Zaccardi
Kamlesh Khunti
Vahe Nafilyan
Nusrat Khan
Hajira Dambha-Miller
Clare Gillies
Nazrul Islam
Sharmin Shabnam
author_sort Amitava Banerjee
collection DOAJ
description Objective To describe which combinations of long term conditions were associated with a higher risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021-22 (the third wave of the covid-19 pandemic) in adults in England.Design Population based cohort study.Setting Linked primary and secondary care data from the General Practice Extraction Service Data for Pandemic Planning and Research (GDPPR) database, Hospital Episode Statistics, and Office for National Statistics death registry, comprising pseudoanonymised routinely collected electronic medical records from the whole population of England registered at a general practice, 1 December 2021 to 31 March 2022.Participants 48 253 125 individuals, registered in GDPPR in England, aged ≥18 years, and alive on 1 December 2021.Main outcomes measures All cause hospital admissions and deaths associated with combinations of multiple long term conditions compared with those with no long term conditions, during the winter season (1 December 2021 to 31 March 2022). Overdispersed Poisson regression models were used to estimate the incidence rate ratios after adjusting for age, sex, ethnic group, and index of multiple deprivation.Results Complete data were available for 48 253 125 adults, of whom 15 million (31.2%) had multiple long term conditions. Rates of hospital admissions and deaths among individuals with no long term conditions were 96.3 and 0.8 per 1000 person years, respectively. Compared with those with no long term conditions, the adjusted incidence rate ratio of hospital admissions were 11.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.4 to 12.7) for those with a combination of cancer, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus; 9.8 (8.3 to 11.4) for those with cancer, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and osteoarthritis; and 9.6 (8.6 to 10.7) for those with cancer, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Compared with those with no long term conditions, the adjusted rate ratio of death was 21.4 (17.5 to 26.0) for those with chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and dementia; 23.2 (17.5 to 30.3) for those with cancer, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and dementia; and 24.3 (19.1 to 30.4) for those with chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and osteoarthritis. Cardiovascular disease with dementia appeared in all of the top five combinations of multiple long term conditions for mortality, and this two disease combination was associated with a substantially higher rate of death than many three, four, and five disease combinations.Conclusions In this study, rates of hospital admission and death varied by combinations of multiple long term conditions and were substantially higher in those with than in those without any long term conditions. High risk combinations for prioritisation and preventive action by policy makers were highlighted to help manage the challenges imposed by winter pressures on the NHS.
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spelling doaj-art-ed33c933b66945f7a11a141a300056e92024-12-28T17:40:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Medicine2754-04132024-08-013110.1136/bmjmed-2024-001016Combinations of multiple long term conditions and risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021-22 in England: population based cohort studyAmitava Banerjee0Francesco Zaccardi1Kamlesh Khunti2Vahe Nafilyan3Nusrat Khan4Hajira Dambha-Miller5Clare Gillies6Nazrul Islam7Sharmin Shabnam8University College London, London, UKDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UKUniversity of Leicester Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester, UKOffice for National Statistics, Newport, Newport, UKPrimary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKPrimary Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UKPrimary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UKObjective To describe which combinations of long term conditions were associated with a higher risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021-22 (the third wave of the covid-19 pandemic) in adults in England.Design Population based cohort study.Setting Linked primary and secondary care data from the General Practice Extraction Service Data for Pandemic Planning and Research (GDPPR) database, Hospital Episode Statistics, and Office for National Statistics death registry, comprising pseudoanonymised routinely collected electronic medical records from the whole population of England registered at a general practice, 1 December 2021 to 31 March 2022.Participants 48 253 125 individuals, registered in GDPPR in England, aged ≥18 years, and alive on 1 December 2021.Main outcomes measures All cause hospital admissions and deaths associated with combinations of multiple long term conditions compared with those with no long term conditions, during the winter season (1 December 2021 to 31 March 2022). Overdispersed Poisson regression models were used to estimate the incidence rate ratios after adjusting for age, sex, ethnic group, and index of multiple deprivation.Results Complete data were available for 48 253 125 adults, of whom 15 million (31.2%) had multiple long term conditions. Rates of hospital admissions and deaths among individuals with no long term conditions were 96.3 and 0.8 per 1000 person years, respectively. Compared with those with no long term conditions, the adjusted incidence rate ratio of hospital admissions were 11.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.4 to 12.7) for those with a combination of cancer, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus; 9.8 (8.3 to 11.4) for those with cancer, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and osteoarthritis; and 9.6 (8.6 to 10.7) for those with cancer, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Compared with those with no long term conditions, the adjusted rate ratio of death was 21.4 (17.5 to 26.0) for those with chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and dementia; 23.2 (17.5 to 30.3) for those with cancer, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and dementia; and 24.3 (19.1 to 30.4) for those with chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and osteoarthritis. Cardiovascular disease with dementia appeared in all of the top five combinations of multiple long term conditions for mortality, and this two disease combination was associated with a substantially higher rate of death than many three, four, and five disease combinations.Conclusions In this study, rates of hospital admission and death varied by combinations of multiple long term conditions and were substantially higher in those with than in those without any long term conditions. High risk combinations for prioritisation and preventive action by policy makers were highlighted to help manage the challenges imposed by winter pressures on the NHS.https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/3/1/e001016.full
spellingShingle Amitava Banerjee
Francesco Zaccardi
Kamlesh Khunti
Vahe Nafilyan
Nusrat Khan
Hajira Dambha-Miller
Clare Gillies
Nazrul Islam
Sharmin Shabnam
Combinations of multiple long term conditions and risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021-22 in England: population based cohort study
BMJ Medicine
title Combinations of multiple long term conditions and risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021-22 in England: population based cohort study
title_full Combinations of multiple long term conditions and risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021-22 in England: population based cohort study
title_fullStr Combinations of multiple long term conditions and risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021-22 in England: population based cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Combinations of multiple long term conditions and risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021-22 in England: population based cohort study
title_short Combinations of multiple long term conditions and risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021-22 in England: population based cohort study
title_sort combinations of multiple long term conditions and risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021 22 in england population based cohort study
url https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/3/1/e001016.full
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