Reliability Study of Weight-Bearing Upper Extremity Sway Test Performed on a Force Plate in the One-Handed Plank Position

(1) Background: The aim of this study is to determine the intra-rater and test–retest reliability of an upper extremity sway test performed in the one-handed plank position on a force plate and to establish if there are any between-limb differences in assessment with either open or closed eyes. (2)...

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Main Authors: Łukasz Oleksy, Anna Mika, Maciej Kuchciak, Grzegorz Bril, Martyna Sopa, Artur Stolarczyk, Olga Adamska, Renata Kielnar, Joanna Zyznawska, Zofia Dzięcioł-Anikiej, Jarosław Witkowski, Jarosław Michał Deszczyński
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11945
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author Łukasz Oleksy
Anna Mika
Maciej Kuchciak
Grzegorz Bril
Martyna Sopa
Artur Stolarczyk
Olga Adamska
Renata Kielnar
Joanna Zyznawska
Zofia Dzięcioł-Anikiej
Jarosław Witkowski
Jarosław Michał Deszczyński
author_facet Łukasz Oleksy
Anna Mika
Maciej Kuchciak
Grzegorz Bril
Martyna Sopa
Artur Stolarczyk
Olga Adamska
Renata Kielnar
Joanna Zyznawska
Zofia Dzięcioł-Anikiej
Jarosław Witkowski
Jarosław Michał Deszczyński
author_sort Łukasz Oleksy
collection DOAJ
description (1) Background: The aim of this study is to determine the intra-rater and test–retest reliability of an upper extremity sway test performed in the one-handed plank position on a force plate and to establish if there are any between-limb differences in assessment with either open or closed eyes. (2) Methods: Fifteen males participated in this study (23.1 ± 2.3 years; 71.2 ± 7.4 kg; 175 ± 4 cm). The sway test (ST) on the force plate was performed during two separate visits, with a one-week interval between tests performed with eyes open and closed, separately for the left and right upper limbs. (3) Results: Intra-rater reliability for measurements with eyes open and closed on both the left and right sides was good to excellent for almost all variables (ICC = 0.84–0.96). Moderate reliability was observed only for the center of pressure (COP) area. Test–retest reliability was somewhat lower. With eyes open and closed, good to excellent reliability was observed for COP length and velocity in the M-L direction and for the total COP length (ICC = 0.77–0.95). However, for COP length and velocity in the A-P direction, as well as for COP area, reliability was moderate (ICC = 0.58–0.70). No significant differences were found between the left and right sides in any variable. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the upper limb sway test performed on a force plate in the one-handed plank position, both with eyes open and closed, is a reliable measurement option and has practical applications in clinical settings, including for baseline assessments, return-to-play protocols, and injury prevention strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-ec94b0defa0c48f282bf40393e5ab7e62024-12-27T14:08:51ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-12-0114241194510.3390/app142411945Reliability Study of Weight-Bearing Upper Extremity Sway Test Performed on a Force Plate in the One-Handed Plank PositionŁukasz Oleksy0Anna Mika1Maciej Kuchciak2Grzegorz Bril3Martyna Sopa4Artur Stolarczyk5Olga Adamska6Renata Kielnar7Joanna Zyznawska8Zofia Dzięcioł-Anikiej9Jarosław Witkowski10Jarosław Michał Deszczyński11Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandInstitute of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszów, PolandPhysiotherapy and Sports Centre, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, PolandInstitute of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 61-138 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical and Dentistry Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-815 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-315 Rzeszów, PolandDepartment of Physiotherapy, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, PolandRehabilitation Clinic, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, PolandDivision of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical and Dentistry Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland(1) Background: The aim of this study is to determine the intra-rater and test–retest reliability of an upper extremity sway test performed in the one-handed plank position on a force plate and to establish if there are any between-limb differences in assessment with either open or closed eyes. (2) Methods: Fifteen males participated in this study (23.1 ± 2.3 years; 71.2 ± 7.4 kg; 175 ± 4 cm). The sway test (ST) on the force plate was performed during two separate visits, with a one-week interval between tests performed with eyes open and closed, separately for the left and right upper limbs. (3) Results: Intra-rater reliability for measurements with eyes open and closed on both the left and right sides was good to excellent for almost all variables (ICC = 0.84–0.96). Moderate reliability was observed only for the center of pressure (COP) area. Test–retest reliability was somewhat lower. With eyes open and closed, good to excellent reliability was observed for COP length and velocity in the M-L direction and for the total COP length (ICC = 0.77–0.95). However, for COP length and velocity in the A-P direction, as well as for COP area, reliability was moderate (ICC = 0.58–0.70). No significant differences were found between the left and right sides in any variable. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the upper limb sway test performed on a force plate in the one-handed plank position, both with eyes open and closed, is a reliable measurement option and has practical applications in clinical settings, including for baseline assessments, return-to-play protocols, and injury prevention strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11945upper limbsway teststabilometryplatformplank positionreliability
spellingShingle Łukasz Oleksy
Anna Mika
Maciej Kuchciak
Grzegorz Bril
Martyna Sopa
Artur Stolarczyk
Olga Adamska
Renata Kielnar
Joanna Zyznawska
Zofia Dzięcioł-Anikiej
Jarosław Witkowski
Jarosław Michał Deszczyński
Reliability Study of Weight-Bearing Upper Extremity Sway Test Performed on a Force Plate in the One-Handed Plank Position
Applied Sciences
upper limb
sway test
stabilometry
platform
plank position
reliability
title Reliability Study of Weight-Bearing Upper Extremity Sway Test Performed on a Force Plate in the One-Handed Plank Position
title_full Reliability Study of Weight-Bearing Upper Extremity Sway Test Performed on a Force Plate in the One-Handed Plank Position
title_fullStr Reliability Study of Weight-Bearing Upper Extremity Sway Test Performed on a Force Plate in the One-Handed Plank Position
title_full_unstemmed Reliability Study of Weight-Bearing Upper Extremity Sway Test Performed on a Force Plate in the One-Handed Plank Position
title_short Reliability Study of Weight-Bearing Upper Extremity Sway Test Performed on a Force Plate in the One-Handed Plank Position
title_sort reliability study of weight bearing upper extremity sway test performed on a force plate in the one handed plank position
topic upper limb
sway test
stabilometry
platform
plank position
reliability
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11945
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