Clinical and Radiographic Parameters for Early Periodontitis Diagnosis: A Comparative Study

<b>Background/<b>Objective:</b></b> Early periodontitis diagnosis is challenging due to varying staging and grading systems. While clinical parameters like bleeding on probing (BoP) and pocket depth (PD) are commonly used, periapical radiographs provide valuable information a...

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Main Authors: Desy Fidyawati, Sri Lelyati C. Masulili, Hanna Bachtiar Iskandar, Heru Suhartanto, Bramma Kiswanjaya, Xue Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Dentistry Journal
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/12/12/407
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author Desy Fidyawati
Sri Lelyati C. Masulili
Hanna Bachtiar Iskandar
Heru Suhartanto
Bramma Kiswanjaya
Xue Li
author_facet Desy Fidyawati
Sri Lelyati C. Masulili
Hanna Bachtiar Iskandar
Heru Suhartanto
Bramma Kiswanjaya
Xue Li
author_sort Desy Fidyawati
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/<b>Objective:</b></b> Early periodontitis diagnosis is challenging due to varying staging and grading systems. While clinical parameters like bleeding on probing (BoP) and pocket depth (PD) are commonly used, periapical radiographs provide valuable information about bone loss and periodontal ligament changes. However, a clear definition of early periodontitis, particularly regarding alveolar bone crest changes, remains elusive. <b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional study involved 21 participants aged 20–30 with clinical signs of periodontitis and radiographic evidence of alveolar bone changes and periodontal ligament widening. Four dentists assessed 40 cases for BoP, 40 for PD, and 40 for periapical radiographs. <b>Results:</b> Statistical analysis revealed that the pocket depth measurement was the most significant factor in diagnosing early periodontitis (Fisher’s exact test, <i>p</i>-value = 0.000). Additionally, the irregularity of the alveolar crest proved to be a significant marker compared to periodontal ligament width (Fisher’s exact test, <i>p</i>-value = 0.000). A Kendall Tau_b test (<i>p</i>-value = 0.000, r = 1.000) confirmed pocket depth to be the most influential parameter among the assessed factors. <b>Conclusions:</b> While this study highlights the importance of clinical and radiographic assessments in early periodontitis detection, integrating these findings into a definitive diagnosis can be complex. The standardization of diagnostic techniques and the development of advanced radiographic interpretation methods are crucial to improve accuracy. Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria and explore additional tests for early periodontitis detection.
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spelling doaj-art-ec5a5f17824f46ef8c00f23872a8e19f2024-12-27T14:20:25ZengMDPI AGDentistry Journal2304-67672024-12-01121240710.3390/dj12120407Clinical and Radiographic Parameters for Early Periodontitis Diagnosis: A Comparative StudyDesy Fidyawati0Sri Lelyati C. Masulili1Hanna Bachtiar Iskandar2Heru Suhartanto3Bramma Kiswanjaya4Xue Li5Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaDepartment of Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaFaculty of Computer Science, Universitas Indonesia, Kota Depok 16424, IndonesiaDepartment of Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia<b>Background/<b>Objective:</b></b> Early periodontitis diagnosis is challenging due to varying staging and grading systems. While clinical parameters like bleeding on probing (BoP) and pocket depth (PD) are commonly used, periapical radiographs provide valuable information about bone loss and periodontal ligament changes. However, a clear definition of early periodontitis, particularly regarding alveolar bone crest changes, remains elusive. <b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional study involved 21 participants aged 20–30 with clinical signs of periodontitis and radiographic evidence of alveolar bone changes and periodontal ligament widening. Four dentists assessed 40 cases for BoP, 40 for PD, and 40 for periapical radiographs. <b>Results:</b> Statistical analysis revealed that the pocket depth measurement was the most significant factor in diagnosing early periodontitis (Fisher’s exact test, <i>p</i>-value = 0.000). Additionally, the irregularity of the alveolar crest proved to be a significant marker compared to periodontal ligament width (Fisher’s exact test, <i>p</i>-value = 0.000). A Kendall Tau_b test (<i>p</i>-value = 0.000, r = 1.000) confirmed pocket depth to be the most influential parameter among the assessed factors. <b>Conclusions:</b> While this study highlights the importance of clinical and radiographic assessments in early periodontitis detection, integrating these findings into a definitive diagnosis can be complex. The standardization of diagnostic techniques and the development of advanced radiographic interpretation methods are crucial to improve accuracy. Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria and explore additional tests for early periodontitis detection.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/12/12/407clinical parametersradiograph examinationdiagnostic accuracyearly periodontitis
spellingShingle Desy Fidyawati
Sri Lelyati C. Masulili
Hanna Bachtiar Iskandar
Heru Suhartanto
Bramma Kiswanjaya
Xue Li
Clinical and Radiographic Parameters for Early Periodontitis Diagnosis: A Comparative Study
Dentistry Journal
clinical parameters
radiograph examination
diagnostic accuracy
early periodontitis
title Clinical and Radiographic Parameters for Early Periodontitis Diagnosis: A Comparative Study
title_full Clinical and Radiographic Parameters for Early Periodontitis Diagnosis: A Comparative Study
title_fullStr Clinical and Radiographic Parameters for Early Periodontitis Diagnosis: A Comparative Study
title_full_unstemmed Clinical and Radiographic Parameters for Early Periodontitis Diagnosis: A Comparative Study
title_short Clinical and Radiographic Parameters for Early Periodontitis Diagnosis: A Comparative Study
title_sort clinical and radiographic parameters for early periodontitis diagnosis a comparative study
topic clinical parameters
radiograph examination
diagnostic accuracy
early periodontitis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/12/12/407
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