Problem nutrients in diet of under-five children and district food security status: Linear programming analyses of 37 stunting priority districts in Indonesia.

<h4>Background</h4>In Indonesia, food security and dietary patterns varied by regions. This might lead to differences in problem nutrients (PN) and should be considered in developing local-specific food-based recommendations (FBRs) for stunting prevention.<h4>Objectives</h4>T...

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Main Authors: Umi Fahmida, Indriya Laras Pramesthi, Sari Kusuma, Arienta R P Sudibya, Rahmawati Rahmawati, Dini Suciyanti, Gusnedi Gusnedi, Aly Diana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2024-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314552
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author Umi Fahmida
Indriya Laras Pramesthi
Sari Kusuma
Arienta R P Sudibya
Rahmawati Rahmawati
Dini Suciyanti
Gusnedi Gusnedi
Aly Diana
author_facet Umi Fahmida
Indriya Laras Pramesthi
Sari Kusuma
Arienta R P Sudibya
Rahmawati Rahmawati
Dini Suciyanti
Gusnedi Gusnedi
Aly Diana
author_sort Umi Fahmida
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>In Indonesia, food security and dietary patterns varied by regions. This might lead to differences in problem nutrients (PN) and should be considered in developing local-specific food-based recommendations (FBRs) for stunting prevention.<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aims to identify PNs in diet of under-five children in selected 37 stunting priority districts in Indonesia and assess whether the number of PNs was associated with district food security status.<h4>Methods</h4>Linear programming analysis (LP) using Optifood was done using single 24-hour dietary recall data Ministry of Health 2016 Food Consumption Survey. PN was defined as nutrient which did not meet 100% Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) based on Indonesian-RNI in the 2-best-diets scenario. District's food security status was determined using Food Security Vulnerability Atlas 2018.<h4>Results</h4>The top three PNs amongst under-five childrenwere iron, folate, vitamin B12 (6-11mo); folate, calcium, zinc (12-23mo); folate, calcium, vitamin C (24-35mo); and calcium, folate, vitamin C (36-59mo). There were no significant differences in number of PNs based on food security status. After integrating the nutrient-dense foods into FBRs, the number of districts with dietary inadequacy decreased for the top-3 problem nutrients in each age group, with the exception of iron for infants.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our findings showed that problem nutrients and dietary inadequacy were prevalent in diet of under-five children, even in food-secure areas. Promoting locally available nutrient-dense foods through FBRs (nutrition-specific intervention) and ensuring availability and access to these foods (nutrition-sensitive intervention) are recommended. Additional intervention(s), particularly for iron in infants, are required.
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spelling doaj-art-ebdabfd89f364cf3bb19d99168f478732025-01-08T05:32:54ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032024-01-011912e031455210.1371/journal.pone.0314552Problem nutrients in diet of under-five children and district food security status: Linear programming analyses of 37 stunting priority districts in Indonesia.Umi FahmidaIndriya Laras PramesthiSari KusumaArienta R P SudibyaRahmawati RahmawatiDini SuciyantiGusnedi GusnediAly Diana<h4>Background</h4>In Indonesia, food security and dietary patterns varied by regions. This might lead to differences in problem nutrients (PN) and should be considered in developing local-specific food-based recommendations (FBRs) for stunting prevention.<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aims to identify PNs in diet of under-five children in selected 37 stunting priority districts in Indonesia and assess whether the number of PNs was associated with district food security status.<h4>Methods</h4>Linear programming analysis (LP) using Optifood was done using single 24-hour dietary recall data Ministry of Health 2016 Food Consumption Survey. PN was defined as nutrient which did not meet 100% Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) based on Indonesian-RNI in the 2-best-diets scenario. District's food security status was determined using Food Security Vulnerability Atlas 2018.<h4>Results</h4>The top three PNs amongst under-five childrenwere iron, folate, vitamin B12 (6-11mo); folate, calcium, zinc (12-23mo); folate, calcium, vitamin C (24-35mo); and calcium, folate, vitamin C (36-59mo). There were no significant differences in number of PNs based on food security status. After integrating the nutrient-dense foods into FBRs, the number of districts with dietary inadequacy decreased for the top-3 problem nutrients in each age group, with the exception of iron for infants.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our findings showed that problem nutrients and dietary inadequacy were prevalent in diet of under-five children, even in food-secure areas. Promoting locally available nutrient-dense foods through FBRs (nutrition-specific intervention) and ensuring availability and access to these foods (nutrition-sensitive intervention) are recommended. Additional intervention(s), particularly for iron in infants, are required.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314552
spellingShingle Umi Fahmida
Indriya Laras Pramesthi
Sari Kusuma
Arienta R P Sudibya
Rahmawati Rahmawati
Dini Suciyanti
Gusnedi Gusnedi
Aly Diana
Problem nutrients in diet of under-five children and district food security status: Linear programming analyses of 37 stunting priority districts in Indonesia.
PLoS ONE
title Problem nutrients in diet of under-five children and district food security status: Linear programming analyses of 37 stunting priority districts in Indonesia.
title_full Problem nutrients in diet of under-five children and district food security status: Linear programming analyses of 37 stunting priority districts in Indonesia.
title_fullStr Problem nutrients in diet of under-five children and district food security status: Linear programming analyses of 37 stunting priority districts in Indonesia.
title_full_unstemmed Problem nutrients in diet of under-five children and district food security status: Linear programming analyses of 37 stunting priority districts in Indonesia.
title_short Problem nutrients in diet of under-five children and district food security status: Linear programming analyses of 37 stunting priority districts in Indonesia.
title_sort problem nutrients in diet of under five children and district food security status linear programming analyses of 37 stunting priority districts in indonesia
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314552
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