Numerical Calculations of Charging Threshold at GEO Altitudes With Two Temperature Non‐Extensive Electrons
Abstract Surface charging at geosynchronous altitude is one of the major concerns for satellites and spacecrafts. Spacecraft anomalies are often associated with extreme surface charging events, especially during substorms in which the GEO plasma is better modeled as two temperatures non‐Maxwellian p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003412 |
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| author | Saba Javed Nazish Rubab Sadia Zaheer Stefaan Poedts Ghulam Jaffer |
| author_facet | Saba Javed Nazish Rubab Sadia Zaheer Stefaan Poedts Ghulam Jaffer |
| author_sort | Saba Javed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Surface charging at geosynchronous altitude is one of the major concerns for satellites and spacecrafts. Spacecraft anomalies are often associated with extreme surface charging events, especially during substorms in which the GEO plasma is better modeled as two temperatures non‐Maxwellian plasma. In such case, we employ two temperature q‐non‐extensive distribution function to determine the onset of spacecraft surface charging which becomes complex since many parameters control the surface charging. We developed a current balance equation which better explains the charging threshold in comparison to a Maxwellian distribution function. The effect of non‐extensive parameters, temperature and density ratio on the current balance equation has been explained. The modified current balance equation predicts the critical and anti‐critical temperatures for various space‐grade materials both analytically and numerically. A significant change is observed in the quantities characterizing the charging current, average yield and density ratio in the presence of non‐extensive two temperature electrons. The mechanism underlying different charging behaviors at or near the threshold is also indicated at various plasma parametric domains. Furthermore, the general conditions of potential jump are also obtained theoretically which predicts the sudden or smooth potential transition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eb99d93b9e204a46a107a34241fa845c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-eb99d93b9e204a46a107a34241fa845c2025-01-14T16:31:16ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902023-10-012110n/an/a10.1029/2022SW003412Numerical Calculations of Charging Threshold at GEO Altitudes With Two Temperature Non‐Extensive ElectronsSaba Javed0Nazish Rubab1Sadia Zaheer2Stefaan Poedts3Ghulam Jaffer4Department of Physics Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore PakistanDepartment of Physics University of Central Punjab Lahore PakistanDepartment of Physics Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore PakistanCentre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics Department of Mathematics KU Leuven Leuven BelgiumSpace System Engineering SnT ‐ Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust University of Luxembourg Esch‐sur‐Alzette LuxembourgAbstract Surface charging at geosynchronous altitude is one of the major concerns for satellites and spacecrafts. Spacecraft anomalies are often associated with extreme surface charging events, especially during substorms in which the GEO plasma is better modeled as two temperatures non‐Maxwellian plasma. In such case, we employ two temperature q‐non‐extensive distribution function to determine the onset of spacecraft surface charging which becomes complex since many parameters control the surface charging. We developed a current balance equation which better explains the charging threshold in comparison to a Maxwellian distribution function. The effect of non‐extensive parameters, temperature and density ratio on the current balance equation has been explained. The modified current balance equation predicts the critical and anti‐critical temperatures for various space‐grade materials both analytically and numerically. A significant change is observed in the quantities characterizing the charging current, average yield and density ratio in the presence of non‐extensive two temperature electrons. The mechanism underlying different charging behaviors at or near the threshold is also indicated at various plasma parametric domains. Furthermore, the general conditions of potential jump are also obtained theoretically which predicts the sudden or smooth potential transition.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003412 |
| spellingShingle | Saba Javed Nazish Rubab Sadia Zaheer Stefaan Poedts Ghulam Jaffer Numerical Calculations of Charging Threshold at GEO Altitudes With Two Temperature Non‐Extensive Electrons Space Weather |
| title | Numerical Calculations of Charging Threshold at GEO Altitudes With Two Temperature Non‐Extensive Electrons |
| title_full | Numerical Calculations of Charging Threshold at GEO Altitudes With Two Temperature Non‐Extensive Electrons |
| title_fullStr | Numerical Calculations of Charging Threshold at GEO Altitudes With Two Temperature Non‐Extensive Electrons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Calculations of Charging Threshold at GEO Altitudes With Two Temperature Non‐Extensive Electrons |
| title_short | Numerical Calculations of Charging Threshold at GEO Altitudes With Two Temperature Non‐Extensive Electrons |
| title_sort | numerical calculations of charging threshold at geo altitudes with two temperature non extensive electrons |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003412 |
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