The cerebellum is involved in implicit motor sequence learning
BackgroundImplicit motor sequence learning (IMSL) is a cognitive function that allows us to execute multiple movements in a specific sequential order and plays a crucial role in our daily functional activities. Although the role of the basal ganglia network in IMSL is well-established, the exact inv...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1433867/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846139736509382656 |
|---|---|
| author | Mahyar Firouzi Mahyar Firouzi Mahyar Firouzi Mahyar Firouzi Kris Baetens Kris Baetens Catalina Duta Catalina Duta Chris Baeken Chris Baeken Chris Baeken Frank Van Overwalle Frank Van Overwalle Eva Swinnen Eva Swinnen Eva Swinnen Natacha Deroost Natacha Deroost |
| author_facet | Mahyar Firouzi Mahyar Firouzi Mahyar Firouzi Mahyar Firouzi Kris Baetens Kris Baetens Catalina Duta Catalina Duta Chris Baeken Chris Baeken Chris Baeken Frank Van Overwalle Frank Van Overwalle Eva Swinnen Eva Swinnen Eva Swinnen Natacha Deroost Natacha Deroost |
| author_sort | Mahyar Firouzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundImplicit motor sequence learning (IMSL) is a cognitive function that allows us to execute multiple movements in a specific sequential order and plays a crucial role in our daily functional activities. Although the role of the basal ganglia network in IMSL is well-established, the exact involvement of the cerebellar network is less clear.AimHere, we aimed to address this issue by investigating the effects of cerebellar transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on IMSL.MethodsIn this sham-controlled, crossover study in 45 healthy young adults, we used mixed-effects models to analyze sequence-specific (primary outcome) and general learning effects (secondary outcome) in the acquisition (during tDCS), short- (five minutes post-tDCS) and long-term consolidation (one week post-tDCS) phases of IMSL, as measured by the serial reaction time (SRT) task.ResultsAnalyses based on response times (RTs) revealed that anodal tDCS over the cerebellum significantly increased sequence-specific learning during acquisition, compared to sham (anodal: M = 38.24 ms, sham: M = 26.78 ms, p = 0.032); did not affect general learning; and significantly slowed overall RTs (anodal: M = 362.03 ms, sham: M = 356.37 ms, p = 0.049). Accuracy-based analyses revealed that anodal tDCS reduced the probability of correct responses occurring in random trials versus sequential trials by 1.17%, p = 0.009, whereas sham tDCS had no effect, p = 0.999.ConclusionOur finding of enhanced sequence-specific learning, but not general learning, suggests that the cerebellar network not only plays a role in error correction processes, but also serves a sequence-specific function within the integrated motor learning network that connects the basal ganglia and cerebellum. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eb3ef81f11b74b50aa40866745032b07 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj-art-eb3ef81f11b74b50aa40866745032b072024-12-06T06:50:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2024-12-011810.3389/fnins.2024.14338671433867The cerebellum is involved in implicit motor sequence learningMahyar Firouzi0Mahyar Firouzi1Mahyar Firouzi2Mahyar Firouzi3Kris Baetens4Kris Baetens5Catalina Duta6Catalina Duta7Chris Baeken8Chris Baeken9Chris Baeken10Frank Van Overwalle11Frank Van Overwalle12Eva Swinnen13Eva Swinnen14Eva Swinnen15Natacha Deroost16Natacha Deroost17Brain, Body and Cognition Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, BelgiumRehabilitation Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, BelgiumCenter for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, BelgiumBrussels Human Robotic Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, BelgiumBrain, Body and Cognition Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, BelgiumCenter for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, BelgiumBrain, Body and Cognition Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, BelgiumCenter for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, BelgiumBrain, Body and Cognition Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, BelgiumDepartment of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent (UZ Ghent), Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), University Hospital Brussel (UZ Brussel), Jette, BelgiumBrain, Body and Cognition Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, BelgiumCenter for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, BelgiumRehabilitation Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, BelgiumCenter for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, BelgiumBrussels Human Robotic Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, BelgiumBrain, Body and Cognition Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, BelgiumCenter for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, BelgiumBackgroundImplicit motor sequence learning (IMSL) is a cognitive function that allows us to execute multiple movements in a specific sequential order and plays a crucial role in our daily functional activities. Although the role of the basal ganglia network in IMSL is well-established, the exact involvement of the cerebellar network is less clear.AimHere, we aimed to address this issue by investigating the effects of cerebellar transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on IMSL.MethodsIn this sham-controlled, crossover study in 45 healthy young adults, we used mixed-effects models to analyze sequence-specific (primary outcome) and general learning effects (secondary outcome) in the acquisition (during tDCS), short- (five minutes post-tDCS) and long-term consolidation (one week post-tDCS) phases of IMSL, as measured by the serial reaction time (SRT) task.ResultsAnalyses based on response times (RTs) revealed that anodal tDCS over the cerebellum significantly increased sequence-specific learning during acquisition, compared to sham (anodal: M = 38.24 ms, sham: M = 26.78 ms, p = 0.032); did not affect general learning; and significantly slowed overall RTs (anodal: M = 362.03 ms, sham: M = 356.37 ms, p = 0.049). Accuracy-based analyses revealed that anodal tDCS reduced the probability of correct responses occurring in random trials versus sequential trials by 1.17%, p = 0.009, whereas sham tDCS had no effect, p = 0.999.ConclusionOur finding of enhanced sequence-specific learning, but not general learning, suggests that the cerebellar network not only plays a role in error correction processes, but also serves a sequence-specific function within the integrated motor learning network that connects the basal ganglia and cerebellum.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1433867/fullcerebellumimplicit motor sequence learningnon-invasive brain stimulationtDCSmotor learningbasal ganglia |
| spellingShingle | Mahyar Firouzi Mahyar Firouzi Mahyar Firouzi Mahyar Firouzi Kris Baetens Kris Baetens Catalina Duta Catalina Duta Chris Baeken Chris Baeken Chris Baeken Frank Van Overwalle Frank Van Overwalle Eva Swinnen Eva Swinnen Eva Swinnen Natacha Deroost Natacha Deroost The cerebellum is involved in implicit motor sequence learning Frontiers in Neuroscience cerebellum implicit motor sequence learning non-invasive brain stimulation tDCS motor learning basal ganglia |
| title | The cerebellum is involved in implicit motor sequence learning |
| title_full | The cerebellum is involved in implicit motor sequence learning |
| title_fullStr | The cerebellum is involved in implicit motor sequence learning |
| title_full_unstemmed | The cerebellum is involved in implicit motor sequence learning |
| title_short | The cerebellum is involved in implicit motor sequence learning |
| title_sort | cerebellum is involved in implicit motor sequence learning |
| topic | cerebellum implicit motor sequence learning non-invasive brain stimulation tDCS motor learning basal ganglia |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1433867/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mahyarfirouzi thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT mahyarfirouzi thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT mahyarfirouzi thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT mahyarfirouzi thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT krisbaetens thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT krisbaetens thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT catalinaduta thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT catalinaduta thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT chrisbaeken thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT chrisbaeken thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT chrisbaeken thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT frankvanoverwalle thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT frankvanoverwalle thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT evaswinnen thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT evaswinnen thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT evaswinnen thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT natachaderoost thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT natachaderoost thecerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT mahyarfirouzi cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT mahyarfirouzi cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT mahyarfirouzi cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT mahyarfirouzi cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT krisbaetens cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT krisbaetens cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT catalinaduta cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT catalinaduta cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT chrisbaeken cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT chrisbaeken cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT chrisbaeken cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT frankvanoverwalle cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT frankvanoverwalle cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT evaswinnen cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT evaswinnen cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT evaswinnen cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT natachaderoost cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning AT natachaderoost cerebellumisinvolvedinimplicitmotorsequencelearning |