Unveiling the potential anticancer activity of Spirulina maxima extract-nanoemulsion through in vitro and in vivo studies
Abstract Being the second leading cause of death globally, cancer has been a long-standing and rapidly evolving focus of biomedical research and practice in the world. Recently, there has been growing interest in cyanobacteria. This focus is particularly evident in developing innovative anticancer t...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82924-4 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1841544707947102208 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohammed Yasser Hussein Merna Nasr Veronia Emad Julie Maged Portia George Amina Emad Abeer Mahmoud Badr Mehrez E. El-Naggar Sayeda M. Abdo Jihan Hussein |
| author_facet | Mohammed Yasser Hussein Merna Nasr Veronia Emad Julie Maged Portia George Amina Emad Abeer Mahmoud Badr Mehrez E. El-Naggar Sayeda M. Abdo Jihan Hussein |
| author_sort | Mohammed Yasser Hussein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Being the second leading cause of death globally, cancer has been a long-standing and rapidly evolving focus of biomedical research and practice in the world. Recently, there has been growing interest in cyanobacteria. This focus is particularly evident in developing innovative anticancer treatments to reduce reliance on traditional chemotherapy. This study investigates the anticancer potential of the Spirulina maxima extract nanoemulsion (SMNE) technique to improve the delivery, stability, and solubility of the S. maxima extract (SME). SMNE, prepared in three concentrations (SMNEC1, SMNEC2, SMNEC3), was characterized and confirmed to successfully load SME into silica-coated nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity tests on HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines revealed a significant reduction in cell viability after 48-hour SMNE treatment, with IC50 values of 1488 µg/mL and 1721.936 µg/mL, respectively. SMNE also demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth in mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, normalizing alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and reducing oxidative stress markers such as catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathological examination showed that SMNEC3-treated groups had almost normal liver architecture. Additionally, SMNE downregulated oncogenic miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p, activating cancer suppression genes p27 and PTEN. The study concludes that SMNE, with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and ability to modulate key miRNAs, enhances SME delivery and shows promise as an effective cancer treatment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ea9d1ed1c6ca478b97f22b485c2274b3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-ea9d1ed1c6ca478b97f22b485c2274b32025-01-12T12:20:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111810.1038/s41598-024-82924-4Unveiling the potential anticancer activity of Spirulina maxima extract-nanoemulsion through in vitro and in vivo studiesMohammed Yasser Hussein0Merna Nasr1Veronia Emad2Julie Maged3Portia George4Amina Emad5Abeer Mahmoud Badr6Mehrez E. El-Naggar7Sayeda M. Abdo8Jihan Hussein9Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityBiotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityBiotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityBiotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityBiotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityBiotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityTextile Research Division, National Research CentreWater Pollution Research Department, National Research CentreMedical Biochemistry Department, National Research CentreAbstract Being the second leading cause of death globally, cancer has been a long-standing and rapidly evolving focus of biomedical research and practice in the world. Recently, there has been growing interest in cyanobacteria. This focus is particularly evident in developing innovative anticancer treatments to reduce reliance on traditional chemotherapy. This study investigates the anticancer potential of the Spirulina maxima extract nanoemulsion (SMNE) technique to improve the delivery, stability, and solubility of the S. maxima extract (SME). SMNE, prepared in three concentrations (SMNEC1, SMNEC2, SMNEC3), was characterized and confirmed to successfully load SME into silica-coated nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity tests on HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines revealed a significant reduction in cell viability after 48-hour SMNE treatment, with IC50 values of 1488 µg/mL and 1721.936 µg/mL, respectively. SMNE also demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth in mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, normalizing alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and reducing oxidative stress markers such as catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathological examination showed that SMNEC3-treated groups had almost normal liver architecture. Additionally, SMNE downregulated oncogenic miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p, activating cancer suppression genes p27 and PTEN. The study concludes that SMNE, with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and ability to modulate key miRNAs, enhances SME delivery and shows promise as an effective cancer treatment.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82924-4miR-221-3pmiR-222-3pHepG2 cellsMCF-7 cellsGallic acidEAC model |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed Yasser Hussein Merna Nasr Veronia Emad Julie Maged Portia George Amina Emad Abeer Mahmoud Badr Mehrez E. El-Naggar Sayeda M. Abdo Jihan Hussein Unveiling the potential anticancer activity of Spirulina maxima extract-nanoemulsion through in vitro and in vivo studies Scientific Reports miR-221-3p miR-222-3p HepG2 cells MCF-7 cells Gallic acid EAC model |
| title | Unveiling the potential anticancer activity of Spirulina maxima extract-nanoemulsion through in vitro and in vivo studies |
| title_full | Unveiling the potential anticancer activity of Spirulina maxima extract-nanoemulsion through in vitro and in vivo studies |
| title_fullStr | Unveiling the potential anticancer activity of Spirulina maxima extract-nanoemulsion through in vitro and in vivo studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling the potential anticancer activity of Spirulina maxima extract-nanoemulsion through in vitro and in vivo studies |
| title_short | Unveiling the potential anticancer activity of Spirulina maxima extract-nanoemulsion through in vitro and in vivo studies |
| title_sort | unveiling the potential anticancer activity of spirulina maxima extract nanoemulsion through in vitro and in vivo studies |
| topic | miR-221-3p miR-222-3p HepG2 cells MCF-7 cells Gallic acid EAC model |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82924-4 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammedyasserhussein unveilingthepotentialanticanceractivityofspirulinamaximaextractnanoemulsionthroughinvitroandinvivostudies AT mernanasr unveilingthepotentialanticanceractivityofspirulinamaximaextractnanoemulsionthroughinvitroandinvivostudies AT veroniaemad unveilingthepotentialanticanceractivityofspirulinamaximaextractnanoemulsionthroughinvitroandinvivostudies AT juliemaged unveilingthepotentialanticanceractivityofspirulinamaximaextractnanoemulsionthroughinvitroandinvivostudies AT portiageorge unveilingthepotentialanticanceractivityofspirulinamaximaextractnanoemulsionthroughinvitroandinvivostudies AT aminaemad unveilingthepotentialanticanceractivityofspirulinamaximaextractnanoemulsionthroughinvitroandinvivostudies AT abeermahmoudbadr unveilingthepotentialanticanceractivityofspirulinamaximaextractnanoemulsionthroughinvitroandinvivostudies AT mehrezeelnaggar unveilingthepotentialanticanceractivityofspirulinamaximaextractnanoemulsionthroughinvitroandinvivostudies AT sayedamabdo unveilingthepotentialanticanceractivityofspirulinamaximaextractnanoemulsionthroughinvitroandinvivostudies AT jihanhussein unveilingthepotentialanticanceractivityofspirulinamaximaextractnanoemulsionthroughinvitroandinvivostudies |