Assessment on level of selected metals and proximate composition of raw cow milk samples from selected sites of Bahir Dar City and it's surrounding

This study systematically assessed the concentrations of selected metals and the proximate composition of milk samples collected from six locations: Agerie Milk Cooperative, Andassa Livestock Research Center, Tekelehymanot Monastery, the College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar D...

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Main Authors: Yetinebersh Shitahun, Minbale Endaye, Adane Kassa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Food Chemistry Advances
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X2500067X
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author Yetinebersh Shitahun
Minbale Endaye
Adane Kassa
author_facet Yetinebersh Shitahun
Minbale Endaye
Adane Kassa
author_sort Yetinebersh Shitahun
collection DOAJ
description This study systematically assessed the concentrations of selected metals and the proximate composition of milk samples collected from six locations: Agerie Milk Cooperative, Andassa Livestock Research Center, Tekelehymanot Monastery, the College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar Dairy Cooperative, and households in Keble-7, Bahir Dar city. Proximate composition, including moisture, ash, protein, and fat, was determined using the Kjeldahl digestion and Gerber methods, while metal analysis was performed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy technique. The findings revealed significant variations (P<0.05) in both metal concentrations and proximate composition among the milk samples from the different sites. The average concentrations of detected metals were 1550.42 ± 34.76 mg/L for calcium (Ca), 137.26 ± 2.89 mg/L for magnesium (Mg), 23.97 ± 2.02 mg/L for iron (Fe), 1.10 ± 0.11 mg/L for copper (Cu), 40.48 ± 3.03 mg/L for zinc (Zn), 0.32 ± 0.01 mg/L for manganese (Mn), and 0.58 ± 0.05 mg/L for chromium (Cr). Lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) were not detected in any of the samples. All detected metal levels, except for iron, were below the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The mean proximate composition of the milk samples included moisture at 87.56 ± 1.16%, ash at 0.75 ± 0.04%, protein at 3.24 ± 0.34%, and fat at 4.02 ± 0.38%. These values were consistent with Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) standards and aligned with findings from previous studies. Based on the findings, milk from these locations is safe for consumption, free from harmful levels of heavy metals, and provides nutritional benefits due to its favorable proximate composition.
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spelling doaj-art-ea8befe379b04117ad7e6f34e48b8f452025-08-20T03:45:04ZengElsevierFood Chemistry Advances2772-753X2025-06-01710095110.1016/j.focha.2025.100951Assessment on level of selected metals and proximate composition of raw cow milk samples from selected sites of Bahir Dar City and it's surroundingYetinebersh Shitahun0Minbale Endaye1Adane Kassa2Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, P.O.Box 269, EthiopiaCorresponding author.; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, P.O.Box 269, EthiopiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, P.O.Box 269, EthiopiaThis study systematically assessed the concentrations of selected metals and the proximate composition of milk samples collected from six locations: Agerie Milk Cooperative, Andassa Livestock Research Center, Tekelehymanot Monastery, the College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar Dairy Cooperative, and households in Keble-7, Bahir Dar city. Proximate composition, including moisture, ash, protein, and fat, was determined using the Kjeldahl digestion and Gerber methods, while metal analysis was performed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy technique. The findings revealed significant variations (P<0.05) in both metal concentrations and proximate composition among the milk samples from the different sites. The average concentrations of detected metals were 1550.42 ± 34.76 mg/L for calcium (Ca), 137.26 ± 2.89 mg/L for magnesium (Mg), 23.97 ± 2.02 mg/L for iron (Fe), 1.10 ± 0.11 mg/L for copper (Cu), 40.48 ± 3.03 mg/L for zinc (Zn), 0.32 ± 0.01 mg/L for manganese (Mn), and 0.58 ± 0.05 mg/L for chromium (Cr). Lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) were not detected in any of the samples. All detected metal levels, except for iron, were below the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The mean proximate composition of the milk samples included moisture at 87.56 ± 1.16%, ash at 0.75 ± 0.04%, protein at 3.24 ± 0.34%, and fat at 4.02 ± 0.38%. These values were consistent with Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) standards and aligned with findings from previous studies. Based on the findings, milk from these locations is safe for consumption, free from harmful levels of heavy metals, and provides nutritional benefits due to its favorable proximate composition.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X2500067XBahir DarDigestionMetalsMilkProximate composition
spellingShingle Yetinebersh Shitahun
Minbale Endaye
Adane Kassa
Assessment on level of selected metals and proximate composition of raw cow milk samples from selected sites of Bahir Dar City and it's surrounding
Food Chemistry Advances
Bahir Dar
Digestion
Metals
Milk
Proximate composition
title Assessment on level of selected metals and proximate composition of raw cow milk samples from selected sites of Bahir Dar City and it's surrounding
title_full Assessment on level of selected metals and proximate composition of raw cow milk samples from selected sites of Bahir Dar City and it's surrounding
title_fullStr Assessment on level of selected metals and proximate composition of raw cow milk samples from selected sites of Bahir Dar City and it's surrounding
title_full_unstemmed Assessment on level of selected metals and proximate composition of raw cow milk samples from selected sites of Bahir Dar City and it's surrounding
title_short Assessment on level of selected metals and proximate composition of raw cow milk samples from selected sites of Bahir Dar City and it's surrounding
title_sort assessment on level of selected metals and proximate composition of raw cow milk samples from selected sites of bahir dar city and it s surrounding
topic Bahir Dar
Digestion
Metals
Milk
Proximate composition
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X2500067X
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AT adanekassa assessmentonlevelofselectedmetalsandproximatecompositionofrawcowmilksamplesfromselectedsitesofbahirdarcityanditssurrounding