Flexural properties of additive manufactured resin designated for interim fixed dental prosthesis: Effect of nanoparticles, build direction, and artificial aging

Objective: This study investigates the flexural strength and elastic modulus of three-dimension (3D) printed interim resin (ASIGA) incorporating zirconium dioxide (nano-ZrO2) and silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) with different build direction and after artificial aging. Methods: Three...

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Main Authors: Rawan F. Almedarham, Zainab H. Al Dawood, Fatimah M. Alatiyyah, Sultan Akhtar, Soban Q. Khan, Ashwin C. Shetty, Mohammed M. Gad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Saudi Dental Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905224002165
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author Rawan F. Almedarham
Zainab H. Al Dawood
Fatimah M. Alatiyyah
Sultan Akhtar
Soban Q. Khan
Ashwin C. Shetty
Mohammed M. Gad
author_facet Rawan F. Almedarham
Zainab H. Al Dawood
Fatimah M. Alatiyyah
Sultan Akhtar
Soban Q. Khan
Ashwin C. Shetty
Mohammed M. Gad
author_sort Rawan F. Almedarham
collection DOAJ
description Objective: This study investigates the flexural strength and elastic modulus of three-dimension (3D) printed interim resin (ASIGA) incorporating zirconium dioxide (nano-ZrO2) and silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) with different build direction and after artificial aging. Methods: Three hundred 3D-printed specimens were used for testing. Groups were modified with nano-ZrO2 or nano-SiO2 at concentrations of 0.5 wt% or 1 wt% and an unmodified control group remained unmodified (n = 10). The bar-shaped specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) were printed at 0, 45, and 90 degree orientations. Flexural properties were assessed using a universal testing machine. The study employed various analyses to assess material properties and bonding. Results: The flexural strength was significantly improved (P<0.001) by the inclusion of nano-ZrO2 or nano-SiO2, with a maximum value of 61.8 ± 4.3 MPa with 1 wt% nano-ZrO2 at 45° build direction. The highest elastic modulus value observed was 998.2 ± 91.2 MPa with 0.5 wt% nano-SiO2 at 90° build direction. Build direction, NP type, and NP concentration all had a statistically significant combined effect on flexural strength and elastic modulus (P=0.003*, P=0.045), respectively. Conclusion: Incorporation of nano-SiO2 and nano-ZrO2 increased the flexural properties of the interim resin used in 3D printing. Following artificial aging, all the flexural property values in the modified groups showed minimal reduction regardless of the nanoparticle concentration, while the unmodified control group showed a significant reduction. Before and after artificial aging, samples at a 0 degree build direction had a considerably higher flexural strength, although the highest elastic modulus values were found in the 90 degree group. The findings underscore the potential of nanocomposites in strengthening interim dental restorations, offering promising advancements for clinical practice.
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publishDate 2024-11-01
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series Saudi Dental Journal
spelling doaj-art-e8e43b015a1c4b8ca9ab0db83ef56edf2024-11-14T04:31:22ZengElsevierSaudi Dental Journal1013-90522024-11-01361114171424Flexural properties of additive manufactured resin designated for interim fixed dental prosthesis: Effect of nanoparticles, build direction, and artificial agingRawan F. Almedarham0Zainab H. Al Dawood1Fatimah M. Alatiyyah2Sultan Akhtar3Soban Q. Khan4Ashwin C. Shetty5Mohammed M. Gad6College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author at: College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.Objective: This study investigates the flexural strength and elastic modulus of three-dimension (3D) printed interim resin (ASIGA) incorporating zirconium dioxide (nano-ZrO2) and silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) with different build direction and after artificial aging. Methods: Three hundred 3D-printed specimens were used for testing. Groups were modified with nano-ZrO2 or nano-SiO2 at concentrations of 0.5 wt% or 1 wt% and an unmodified control group remained unmodified (n = 10). The bar-shaped specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) were printed at 0, 45, and 90 degree orientations. Flexural properties were assessed using a universal testing machine. The study employed various analyses to assess material properties and bonding. Results: The flexural strength was significantly improved (P<0.001) by the inclusion of nano-ZrO2 or nano-SiO2, with a maximum value of 61.8 ± 4.3 MPa with 1 wt% nano-ZrO2 at 45° build direction. The highest elastic modulus value observed was 998.2 ± 91.2 MPa with 0.5 wt% nano-SiO2 at 90° build direction. Build direction, NP type, and NP concentration all had a statistically significant combined effect on flexural strength and elastic modulus (P=0.003*, P=0.045), respectively. Conclusion: Incorporation of nano-SiO2 and nano-ZrO2 increased the flexural properties of the interim resin used in 3D printing. Following artificial aging, all the flexural property values in the modified groups showed minimal reduction regardless of the nanoparticle concentration, while the unmodified control group showed a significant reduction. Before and after artificial aging, samples at a 0 degree build direction had a considerably higher flexural strength, although the highest elastic modulus values were found in the 90 degree group. The findings underscore the potential of nanocomposites in strengthening interim dental restorations, offering promising advancements for clinical practice.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S10139052240021653D printingInterim restorationsArtificial agingBuild directionNanoparticles
spellingShingle Rawan F. Almedarham
Zainab H. Al Dawood
Fatimah M. Alatiyyah
Sultan Akhtar
Soban Q. Khan
Ashwin C. Shetty
Mohammed M. Gad
Flexural properties of additive manufactured resin designated for interim fixed dental prosthesis: Effect of nanoparticles, build direction, and artificial aging
Saudi Dental Journal
3D printing
Interim restorations
Artificial aging
Build direction
Nanoparticles
title Flexural properties of additive manufactured resin designated for interim fixed dental prosthesis: Effect of nanoparticles, build direction, and artificial aging
title_full Flexural properties of additive manufactured resin designated for interim fixed dental prosthesis: Effect of nanoparticles, build direction, and artificial aging
title_fullStr Flexural properties of additive manufactured resin designated for interim fixed dental prosthesis: Effect of nanoparticles, build direction, and artificial aging
title_full_unstemmed Flexural properties of additive manufactured resin designated for interim fixed dental prosthesis: Effect of nanoparticles, build direction, and artificial aging
title_short Flexural properties of additive manufactured resin designated for interim fixed dental prosthesis: Effect of nanoparticles, build direction, and artificial aging
title_sort flexural properties of additive manufactured resin designated for interim fixed dental prosthesis effect of nanoparticles build direction and artificial aging
topic 3D printing
Interim restorations
Artificial aging
Build direction
Nanoparticles
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905224002165
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