Current understanding of immune-like responses in worms
The mammalian innate and adaptive immune systems are critically important for defending against pathogen invasion. However, the immune systems of invertebrates are often overlooked. Investigating the immune responses in invertebrates is essential, as they may contribute to unique mechanisms for biol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Comparative Immunology Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950311624000612 |
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| author | Abdul Qadeer Guofeng Cheng |
| author_facet | Abdul Qadeer Guofeng Cheng |
| author_sort | Abdul Qadeer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mammalian innate and adaptive immune systems are critically important for defending against pathogen invasion. However, the immune systems of invertebrates are often overlooked. Investigating the immune responses in invertebrates is essential, as they may contribute to unique mechanisms for biological diversity. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of the immune systems of invertebrates, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Anisakis, and planarians, and then highlighted their potentially important functions and pathways associated with immune-like responses. Next, we reviewed the diversity of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), immune effectors, and signaling pathways in invertebrates to gain insights into their roles in pathogen resistance and long-lasting inducible protection. Finally, we discussed the important implications for developing novel prevention and treatment strategies based on the current understanding of the immune systems in invertebrates. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e85a423610e1480b92f5bd1cebdf2ef7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2950-3116 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Comparative Immunology Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e85a423610e1480b92f5bd1cebdf2ef72025-01-04T04:57:34ZengElsevierComparative Immunology Reports2950-31162025-06-018200194Current understanding of immune-like responses in wormsAbdul Qadeer0Guofeng Cheng1Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaCorresponding author at: Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, #500 Zhen-Nan Road, PUTUO, Shanghai 200072, China.; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaThe mammalian innate and adaptive immune systems are critically important for defending against pathogen invasion. However, the immune systems of invertebrates are often overlooked. Investigating the immune responses in invertebrates is essential, as they may contribute to unique mechanisms for biological diversity. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of the immune systems of invertebrates, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Anisakis, and planarians, and then highlighted their potentially important functions and pathways associated with immune-like responses. Next, we reviewed the diversity of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), immune effectors, and signaling pathways in invertebrates to gain insights into their roles in pathogen resistance and long-lasting inducible protection. Finally, we discussed the important implications for developing novel prevention and treatment strategies based on the current understanding of the immune systems in invertebrates.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950311624000612InvertebratesImmune systemWormParasitesPathogens |
| spellingShingle | Abdul Qadeer Guofeng Cheng Current understanding of immune-like responses in worms Comparative Immunology Reports Invertebrates Immune system Worm Parasites Pathogens |
| title | Current understanding of immune-like responses in worms |
| title_full | Current understanding of immune-like responses in worms |
| title_fullStr | Current understanding of immune-like responses in worms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current understanding of immune-like responses in worms |
| title_short | Current understanding of immune-like responses in worms |
| title_sort | current understanding of immune like responses in worms |
| topic | Invertebrates Immune system Worm Parasites Pathogens |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950311624000612 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abdulqadeer currentunderstandingofimmunelikeresponsesinworms AT guofengcheng currentunderstandingofimmunelikeresponsesinworms |