Pitstop approach: diabetologist referral and quality of care in patients with type 2 diabetes – a Swiss longitudinal study

STUDY AIMS: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are typically managed in primary care settings, but management has become more complex in recent years due to modern therapeutic options. There is a paucity of data on the role of a one-off referral to an outpatient diabetes centre (a “pitstop” app...

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Main Authors: Fahim Ebrahimi, Simone Hubacher, Emanuel Christ, Stefan Zechmann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SMW supporting association (Trägerverein Swiss Medical Weekly SMW) 2025-08-01
Series:Swiss Medical Weekly
Online Access:https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/4031
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author Fahim Ebrahimi
Simone Hubacher
Emanuel Christ
Stefan Zechmann
author_facet Fahim Ebrahimi
Simone Hubacher
Emanuel Christ
Stefan Zechmann
author_sort Fahim Ebrahimi
collection DOAJ
description STUDY AIMS: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are typically managed in primary care settings, but management has become more complex in recent years due to modern therapeutic options. There is a paucity of data on the role of a one-off referral to an outpatient diabetes centre (a “pitstop” approach) in improving the quality of diabetes care. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were referred to an outpatient diabetes centre at a regional hospital in Switzerland between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2020. The primary outcome was the change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between the first and last consultation. Secondary endpoints included changes in body weight, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and use of antidiabetic medications. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 5.1 months (interquartile range [IQR] 3.0–9.1) after referral to an outpatient diabetes centre, haemoglobin A1c improved from 8.6% / 70.5 mmol/mol to 7.3% / 56.3 mmol/l (difference −1.28% / −14.2 mmol/l; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.50 to −1.05), body weight decreased from 91.0 kg to 88.0 kg (difference −3.93; 95% CI −4.9 to −3.0) and systolic blood pressure values decreased by 1.6 mm Hg (95% CI −2.7 to −0.5), while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained unchanged. Compared to baseline, the pitstop approach resulted in decreased prescriptions for sulfonylureas (11.0% vs 2.8%) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (31.4% vs 20.0%), but increased prescriptions for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (15.3% vs 27.5%) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonists (13.7% vs 46.3%). CONCLUSION: A short-term intervention by an outpatient diabetes clinic was associated with significant improvements in glycaemic control and body weight in patient with type 2 diabetes. It promoted a shift towards modern antidiabetic medications with proven cardiorenal protective effects.
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spelling doaj-art-e82110c749094cc7a584050f876c00b42025-08-25T10:43:58ZengSMW supporting association (Trägerverein Swiss Medical Weekly SMW)Swiss Medical Weekly1424-39972025-08-01155810.57187/s.4031Pitstop approach: diabetologist referral and quality of care in patients with type 2 diabetes – a Swiss longitudinal studyFahim Ebrahimi0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5862-966XSimone Hubacher1https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0900-4491Emanuel Christ2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5604-4606Stefan Zechmann 3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5012-0068Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland ; University Digestive Health Care Centre Basel – Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, GZO – Regional Health Centre, Wetzikon, Switzerland STUDY AIMS: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are typically managed in primary care settings, but management has become more complex in recent years due to modern therapeutic options. There is a paucity of data on the role of a one-off referral to an outpatient diabetes centre (a “pitstop” approach) in improving the quality of diabetes care. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were referred to an outpatient diabetes centre at a regional hospital in Switzerland between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2020. The primary outcome was the change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between the first and last consultation. Secondary endpoints included changes in body weight, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and use of antidiabetic medications. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 5.1 months (interquartile range [IQR] 3.0–9.1) after referral to an outpatient diabetes centre, haemoglobin A1c improved from 8.6% / 70.5 mmol/mol to 7.3% / 56.3 mmol/l (difference −1.28% / −14.2 mmol/l; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.50 to −1.05), body weight decreased from 91.0 kg to 88.0 kg (difference −3.93; 95% CI −4.9 to −3.0) and systolic blood pressure values decreased by 1.6 mm Hg (95% CI −2.7 to −0.5), while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained unchanged. Compared to baseline, the pitstop approach resulted in decreased prescriptions for sulfonylureas (11.0% vs 2.8%) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (31.4% vs 20.0%), but increased prescriptions for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (15.3% vs 27.5%) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonists (13.7% vs 46.3%). CONCLUSION: A short-term intervention by an outpatient diabetes clinic was associated with significant improvements in glycaemic control and body weight in patient with type 2 diabetes. It promoted a shift towards modern antidiabetic medications with proven cardiorenal protective effects. https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/4031
spellingShingle Fahim Ebrahimi
Simone Hubacher
Emanuel Christ
Stefan Zechmann
Pitstop approach: diabetologist referral and quality of care in patients with type 2 diabetes – a Swiss longitudinal study
Swiss Medical Weekly
title Pitstop approach: diabetologist referral and quality of care in patients with type 2 diabetes – a Swiss longitudinal study
title_full Pitstop approach: diabetologist referral and quality of care in patients with type 2 diabetes – a Swiss longitudinal study
title_fullStr Pitstop approach: diabetologist referral and quality of care in patients with type 2 diabetes – a Swiss longitudinal study
title_full_unstemmed Pitstop approach: diabetologist referral and quality of care in patients with type 2 diabetes – a Swiss longitudinal study
title_short Pitstop approach: diabetologist referral and quality of care in patients with type 2 diabetes – a Swiss longitudinal study
title_sort pitstop approach diabetologist referral and quality of care in patients with type 2 diabetes a swiss longitudinal study
url https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/4031
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AT emanuelchrist pitstopapproachdiabetologistreferralandqualityofcareinpatientswithtype2diabetesaswisslongitudinalstudy
AT stefanzechmann pitstopapproachdiabetologistreferralandqualityofcareinpatientswithtype2diabetesaswisslongitudinalstudy