Epigenome-wide association studies identify novel DNA methylation sites associated with PTSD: a meta-analysis of 23 military and civilian cohorts

Abstract Background The occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a traumatic event is associated with biological differences that can represent the susceptibility to PTSD, the impact of trauma, or the sequelae of PTSD itself. These effects include differences in DNA methylation...

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Main Authors: Seyma Katrinli, Agaz H. Wani, Adam X. Maihofer, Andrew Ratanatharathorn, Nikolaos P. Daskalakis, Janitza Montalvo-Ortiz, Diana L. Núñez-Ríos, Anthony S. Zannas, Xiang Zhao, Allison E. Aiello, Allison E. Ashley-Koch, Diana Avetyan, Dewleen G. Baker, Jean C. Beckham, Marco P. Boks, Leslie A. Brick, Evelyn Bromet, Frances A. Champagne, Chia-Yen Chen, Shareefa Dalvie, Michelle F. Dennis, Segun Fatumo, Catherine Fortier, Sandro Galea, Melanie E. Garrett, Elbert Geuze, Gerald Grant, Michael A. Hauser, Jasmeet P. Hayes, Sian M. J. Hemmings, Bertrand Russel Huber, Aarti Jajoo, Stefan Jansen, Ronald C. Kessler, Nathan A. Kimbrel, Anthony P. King, Joel E. Kleinman, Nastassja Koen, Karestan C. Koenen, Pei-Fen Kuan, Israel Liberzon, Sarah D. Linnstaedt, Adriana Lori, Benjamin J. Luft, Jurjen J. Luykx, Christine E. Marx, Samuel A. McLean, Divya Mehta, William Milberg, Mark W. Miller, Mary S. Mufford, Clarisse Musanabaganwa, Jean Mutabaruka, Leon Mutesa, Charles B. Nemeroff, Nicole R. Nugent, Holly K. Orcutt, Xue-Jun Qin, Sheila A. M. Rauch, Kerry J. Ressler, Victoria B. Risbrough, Eugène Rutembesa, Bart P. F. Rutten, Soraya Seedat, Dan J. Stein, Murray B. Stein, Sylvanus Toikumo, Robert J. Ursano, Annette Uwineza, Mieke H. Verfaellie, Eric Vermetten, Christiaan H. Vinkers, Erin B. Ware, Derek E. Wildman, Erika J. Wolf, Ross McD Young, Ying Zhao, Leigh L. van den Heuvel, PGC-PTSD Epigenetics Workgroup, PsychENCODE PTSD Brainomics Project, Traumatic Stress Brain Research Group, Monica Uddin, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Alicia K. Smith, Mark W. Logue
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:Genome Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-024-01417-1
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author Seyma Katrinli
Agaz H. Wani
Adam X. Maihofer
Andrew Ratanatharathorn
Nikolaos P. Daskalakis
Janitza Montalvo-Ortiz
Diana L. Núñez-Ríos
Anthony S. Zannas
Xiang Zhao
Allison E. Aiello
Allison E. Ashley-Koch
Diana Avetyan
Dewleen G. Baker
Jean C. Beckham
Marco P. Boks
Leslie A. Brick
Evelyn Bromet
Frances A. Champagne
Chia-Yen Chen
Shareefa Dalvie
Michelle F. Dennis
Segun Fatumo
Catherine Fortier
Sandro Galea
Melanie E. Garrett
Elbert Geuze
Gerald Grant
Michael A. Hauser
Jasmeet P. Hayes
Sian M. J. Hemmings
Bertrand Russel Huber
Aarti Jajoo
Stefan Jansen
Ronald C. Kessler
Nathan A. Kimbrel
Anthony P. King
Joel E. Kleinman
Nastassja Koen
Karestan C. Koenen
Pei-Fen Kuan
Israel Liberzon
Sarah D. Linnstaedt
Adriana Lori
Benjamin J. Luft
Jurjen J. Luykx
Christine E. Marx
Samuel A. McLean
Divya Mehta
William Milberg
Mark W. Miller
Mary S. Mufford
Clarisse Musanabaganwa
Jean Mutabaruka
Leon Mutesa
Charles B. Nemeroff
Nicole R. Nugent
Holly K. Orcutt
Xue-Jun Qin
Sheila A. M. Rauch
Kerry J. Ressler
Victoria B. Risbrough
Eugène Rutembesa
Bart P. F. Rutten
Soraya Seedat
Dan J. Stein
Murray B. Stein
Sylvanus Toikumo
Robert J. Ursano
Annette Uwineza
Mieke H. Verfaellie
Eric Vermetten
Christiaan H. Vinkers
Erin B. Ware
Derek E. Wildman
Erika J. Wolf
Ross McD Young
Ying Zhao
Leigh L. van den Heuvel
PGC-PTSD Epigenetics Workgroup
PsychENCODE PTSD Brainomics Project
Traumatic Stress Brain Research Group
Monica Uddin
Caroline M. Nievergelt
Alicia K. Smith
Mark W. Logue
author_facet Seyma Katrinli
Agaz H. Wani
Adam X. Maihofer
Andrew Ratanatharathorn
Nikolaos P. Daskalakis
Janitza Montalvo-Ortiz
Diana L. Núñez-Ríos
Anthony S. Zannas
Xiang Zhao
Allison E. Aiello
Allison E. Ashley-Koch
Diana Avetyan
Dewleen G. Baker
Jean C. Beckham
Marco P. Boks
Leslie A. Brick
Evelyn Bromet
Frances A. Champagne
Chia-Yen Chen
Shareefa Dalvie
Michelle F. Dennis
Segun Fatumo
Catherine Fortier
Sandro Galea
Melanie E. Garrett
Elbert Geuze
Gerald Grant
Michael A. Hauser
Jasmeet P. Hayes
Sian M. J. Hemmings
Bertrand Russel Huber
Aarti Jajoo
Stefan Jansen
Ronald C. Kessler
Nathan A. Kimbrel
Anthony P. King
Joel E. Kleinman
Nastassja Koen
Karestan C. Koenen
Pei-Fen Kuan
Israel Liberzon
Sarah D. Linnstaedt
Adriana Lori
Benjamin J. Luft
Jurjen J. Luykx
Christine E. Marx
Samuel A. McLean
Divya Mehta
William Milberg
Mark W. Miller
Mary S. Mufford
Clarisse Musanabaganwa
Jean Mutabaruka
Leon Mutesa
Charles B. Nemeroff
Nicole R. Nugent
Holly K. Orcutt
Xue-Jun Qin
Sheila A. M. Rauch
Kerry J. Ressler
Victoria B. Risbrough
Eugène Rutembesa
Bart P. F. Rutten
Soraya Seedat
Dan J. Stein
Murray B. Stein
Sylvanus Toikumo
Robert J. Ursano
Annette Uwineza
Mieke H. Verfaellie
Eric Vermetten
Christiaan H. Vinkers
Erin B. Ware
Derek E. Wildman
Erika J. Wolf
Ross McD Young
Ying Zhao
Leigh L. van den Heuvel
PGC-PTSD Epigenetics Workgroup
PsychENCODE PTSD Brainomics Project
Traumatic Stress Brain Research Group
Monica Uddin
Caroline M. Nievergelt
Alicia K. Smith
Mark W. Logue
author_sort Seyma Katrinli
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a traumatic event is associated with biological differences that can represent the susceptibility to PTSD, the impact of trauma, or the sequelae of PTSD itself. These effects include differences in DNA methylation (DNAm), an important form of epigenetic gene regulation, at multiple CpG loci across the genome. Moreover, these effects can be shared or specific to both central and peripheral tissues. Here, we aim to identify blood DNAm differences associated with PTSD and characterize the underlying biological mechanisms by examining the extent to which they mirror associations across multiple brain regions. Methods As the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) PTSD Epigenetics Workgroup, we conducted the largest cross-sectional meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) of PTSD to date, involving 5077 participants (2156 PTSD cases and 2921 trauma-exposed controls) from 23 civilian and military studies. PTSD diagnosis assessments were harmonized following the standardized guidelines established by the PGC-PTSD Workgroup. DNAm was assayed from blood using Illumina HumanMethylation450 or MethylationEPIC (850 K) BeadChips. Within each cohort, DNA methylation was regressed on PTSD, sex (if applicable), age, blood cell proportions, and ancestry. An inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis was performed. We conducted replication analyses in tissue from multiple brain regions, neuronal nuclei, and a cellular model of prolonged stress. Results We identified 11 CpG sites associated with PTSD in the overall meta-analysis (1.44e − 09 < p < 5.30e − 08), as well as 14 associated in analyses of specific strata (military vs civilian cohort, sex, and ancestry), including CpGs in AHRR and CDC42BPB. Many of these loci exhibit blood–brain correlation in methylation levels and cross-tissue associations with PTSD in multiple brain regions. Out of 9 CpGs annotated to a gene expressed in blood, methylation levels at 5 CpGs showed significant correlations with the expression levels of their respective annotated genes. Conclusions This study identifies 11 PTSD-associated CpGs and leverages data from postmortem brain samples, GWAS, and genome-wide expression data to interpret the biology underlying these associations and prioritize genes whose regulation differs in those with PTSD.
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spelling doaj-art-e7c75d3d1d50416e99e94207e5bfc3e12024-12-22T12:39:16ZengBMCGenome Medicine1756-994X2024-12-0116111710.1186/s13073-024-01417-1Epigenome-wide association studies identify novel DNA methylation sites associated with PTSD: a meta-analysis of 23 military and civilian cohortsSeyma Katrinli0Agaz H. Wani1Adam X. Maihofer2Andrew Ratanatharathorn3Nikolaos P. Daskalakis4Janitza Montalvo-Ortiz5Diana L. Núñez-Ríos6Anthony S. Zannas7Xiang Zhao8Allison E. Aiello9Allison E. Ashley-Koch10Diana Avetyan11Dewleen G. Baker12Jean C. Beckham13Marco P. Boks14Leslie A. Brick15Evelyn Bromet16Frances A. Champagne17Chia-Yen Chen18Shareefa Dalvie19Michelle F. Dennis20Segun Fatumo21Catherine Fortier22Sandro Galea23Melanie E. Garrett24Elbert Geuze25Gerald Grant26Michael A. Hauser27Jasmeet P. Hayes28Sian M. J. Hemmings29Bertrand Russel Huber30Aarti Jajoo31Stefan Jansen32Ronald C. Kessler33Nathan A. Kimbrel34Anthony P. King35Joel E. Kleinman36Nastassja Koen37Karestan C. Koenen38Pei-Fen Kuan39Israel Liberzon40Sarah D. Linnstaedt41Adriana Lori42Benjamin J. Luft43Jurjen J. Luykx44Christine E. Marx45Samuel A. McLean46Divya Mehta47William Milberg48Mark W. Miller49Mary S. Mufford50Clarisse Musanabaganwa51Jean Mutabaruka52Leon Mutesa53Charles B. Nemeroff54Nicole R. Nugent55Holly K. Orcutt56Xue-Jun Qin57Sheila A. M. Rauch58Kerry J. Ressler59Victoria B. Risbrough60Eugène Rutembesa61Bart P. F. Rutten62Soraya Seedat63Dan J. Stein64Murray B. Stein65Sylvanus Toikumo66Robert J. Ursano67Annette Uwineza68Mieke H. Verfaellie69Eric Vermetten70Christiaan H. Vinkers71Erin B. Ware72Derek E. Wildman73Erika J. Wolf74Ross McD Young75Ying Zhao76Leigh L. van den Heuvel77PGC-PTSD Epigenetics WorkgroupPsychENCODE PTSD Brainomics ProjectTraumatic Stress Brain Research GroupMonica Uddin78Caroline M. Nievergelt79Alicia K. Smith80Mark W. Logue81Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory UniversityGenomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South FloridaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San DiegoDepartment of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailmain School of Public HealthStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences DivisionU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences DivisionCarolina Stress Initiative, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public HealthRobert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia UniversityDuke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San DiegoDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San DiegoDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center UtrechtDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityEpidemiology Research Group, State University of New York at Stony BrookDepartment of Psychology, The University of Texas at AustinBiogen Inc, Translational SciencesDepartment of Pathology, University of Cape TownDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of MedicineMRC/UVRI and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research GroupDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolSchool of Public Health, Boston UniversityDuke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical CenterBrain Research and Innovation Centre, Netherlands Ministry of DefenceDepartment of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of MedicineDepartment of Medicine, Duke University School of MedicineDepartment of Psychology, The Ohio State UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Boston University School of MedicineStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of RwandaDepartment of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of MedicineInstitute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape TownDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University College of MedicineDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Stony Brook UniversityAmsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute Stress & Sleep Program, Amsterdam University Medical CenterDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry, UNC Institute for Trauma RecoveryCentre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of TechnologyGRECC/TRACTS, VA Boston Healthcare System Biomedical Genetics & Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownResearch Innovation and Data Science Division, Rwanda Biomedical CenterDepartment of Clinical Psychology, University of RwandaCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of RwandaDepartment of Psychology, The University of Texas at AustinDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Brown Medical SchoolDepartment of Psychology, Northern Illinois UniversityDuke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San DiegoClinical Psychology, University of RwandaDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht Universitair Medisch CentrumDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape TownDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San DiegoDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services UniversityCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of RwandaDepartment of Psychiatry, Boston University School of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical CenterDepartment of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamSurvey Research Center, University of MichiganCollege of Public Health, University of South FloridaNational Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare SystemSchool of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of TechnologyInstitute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityUniversity of South Florida College of Public Health, Genomics ProgramDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San DiegoDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory UniversityDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public HealthAbstract Background The occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a traumatic event is associated with biological differences that can represent the susceptibility to PTSD, the impact of trauma, or the sequelae of PTSD itself. These effects include differences in DNA methylation (DNAm), an important form of epigenetic gene regulation, at multiple CpG loci across the genome. Moreover, these effects can be shared or specific to both central and peripheral tissues. Here, we aim to identify blood DNAm differences associated with PTSD and characterize the underlying biological mechanisms by examining the extent to which they mirror associations across multiple brain regions. Methods As the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) PTSD Epigenetics Workgroup, we conducted the largest cross-sectional meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) of PTSD to date, involving 5077 participants (2156 PTSD cases and 2921 trauma-exposed controls) from 23 civilian and military studies. PTSD diagnosis assessments were harmonized following the standardized guidelines established by the PGC-PTSD Workgroup. DNAm was assayed from blood using Illumina HumanMethylation450 or MethylationEPIC (850 K) BeadChips. Within each cohort, DNA methylation was regressed on PTSD, sex (if applicable), age, blood cell proportions, and ancestry. An inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis was performed. We conducted replication analyses in tissue from multiple brain regions, neuronal nuclei, and a cellular model of prolonged stress. Results We identified 11 CpG sites associated with PTSD in the overall meta-analysis (1.44e − 09 < p < 5.30e − 08), as well as 14 associated in analyses of specific strata (military vs civilian cohort, sex, and ancestry), including CpGs in AHRR and CDC42BPB. Many of these loci exhibit blood–brain correlation in methylation levels and cross-tissue associations with PTSD in multiple brain regions. Out of 9 CpGs annotated to a gene expressed in blood, methylation levels at 5 CpGs showed significant correlations with the expression levels of their respective annotated genes. Conclusions This study identifies 11 PTSD-associated CpGs and leverages data from postmortem brain samples, GWAS, and genome-wide expression data to interpret the biology underlying these associations and prioritize genes whose regulation differs in those with PTSD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-024-01417-1PTSDTraumaDNA methylationPostmortem brainGWASGene expression
spellingShingle Seyma Katrinli
Agaz H. Wani
Adam X. Maihofer
Andrew Ratanatharathorn
Nikolaos P. Daskalakis
Janitza Montalvo-Ortiz
Diana L. Núñez-Ríos
Anthony S. Zannas
Xiang Zhao
Allison E. Aiello
Allison E. Ashley-Koch
Diana Avetyan
Dewleen G. Baker
Jean C. Beckham
Marco P. Boks
Leslie A. Brick
Evelyn Bromet
Frances A. Champagne
Chia-Yen Chen
Shareefa Dalvie
Michelle F. Dennis
Segun Fatumo
Catherine Fortier
Sandro Galea
Melanie E. Garrett
Elbert Geuze
Gerald Grant
Michael A. Hauser
Jasmeet P. Hayes
Sian M. J. Hemmings
Bertrand Russel Huber
Aarti Jajoo
Stefan Jansen
Ronald C. Kessler
Nathan A. Kimbrel
Anthony P. King
Joel E. Kleinman
Nastassja Koen
Karestan C. Koenen
Pei-Fen Kuan
Israel Liberzon
Sarah D. Linnstaedt
Adriana Lori
Benjamin J. Luft
Jurjen J. Luykx
Christine E. Marx
Samuel A. McLean
Divya Mehta
William Milberg
Mark W. Miller
Mary S. Mufford
Clarisse Musanabaganwa
Jean Mutabaruka
Leon Mutesa
Charles B. Nemeroff
Nicole R. Nugent
Holly K. Orcutt
Xue-Jun Qin
Sheila A. M. Rauch
Kerry J. Ressler
Victoria B. Risbrough
Eugène Rutembesa
Bart P. F. Rutten
Soraya Seedat
Dan J. Stein
Murray B. Stein
Sylvanus Toikumo
Robert J. Ursano
Annette Uwineza
Mieke H. Verfaellie
Eric Vermetten
Christiaan H. Vinkers
Erin B. Ware
Derek E. Wildman
Erika J. Wolf
Ross McD Young
Ying Zhao
Leigh L. van den Heuvel
PGC-PTSD Epigenetics Workgroup
PsychENCODE PTSD Brainomics Project
Traumatic Stress Brain Research Group
Monica Uddin
Caroline M. Nievergelt
Alicia K. Smith
Mark W. Logue
Epigenome-wide association studies identify novel DNA methylation sites associated with PTSD: a meta-analysis of 23 military and civilian cohorts
Genome Medicine
PTSD
Trauma
DNA methylation
Postmortem brain
GWAS
Gene expression
title Epigenome-wide association studies identify novel DNA methylation sites associated with PTSD: a meta-analysis of 23 military and civilian cohorts
title_full Epigenome-wide association studies identify novel DNA methylation sites associated with PTSD: a meta-analysis of 23 military and civilian cohorts
title_fullStr Epigenome-wide association studies identify novel DNA methylation sites associated with PTSD: a meta-analysis of 23 military and civilian cohorts
title_full_unstemmed Epigenome-wide association studies identify novel DNA methylation sites associated with PTSD: a meta-analysis of 23 military and civilian cohorts
title_short Epigenome-wide association studies identify novel DNA methylation sites associated with PTSD: a meta-analysis of 23 military and civilian cohorts
title_sort epigenome wide association studies identify novel dna methylation sites associated with ptsd a meta analysis of 23 military and civilian cohorts
topic PTSD
Trauma
DNA methylation
Postmortem brain
GWAS
Gene expression
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-024-01417-1
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AT nicolernugent epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT hollykorcutt epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT xuejunqin epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT sheilaamrauch epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT kerryjressler epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT victoriabrisbrough epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT eugenerutembesa epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT bartpfrutten epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT sorayaseedat epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT danjstein epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT murraybstein epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT sylvanustoikumo epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT robertjursano epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT annetteuwineza epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT miekehverfaellie epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT ericvermetten epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT christiaanhvinkers epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT erinbware epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT derekewildman epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT erikajwolf epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT rossmcdyoung epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT yingzhao epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT leighlvandenheuvel epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT pgcptsdepigeneticsworkgroup epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT psychencodeptsdbrainomicsproject epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT traumaticstressbrainresearchgroup epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT monicauddin epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT carolinemnievergelt epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT aliciaksmith epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts
AT markwlogue epigenomewideassociationstudiesidentifynoveldnamethylationsitesassociatedwithptsdametaanalysisof23militaryandciviliancohorts