CT-based sarcopenia is independently associated with blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background Computed tomography (CT) based sarcopenia has been linked to postoperative complications in various surgeries. Although the associations between sarcopenia and femoral neck fractures (FNF) have received considerable attention, the relationship between sarcopenia and blood transfu...

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Main Authors: Lingzhi Li, Haibo Yang, Yue Zhang, Zhiqiang Ren, Zihan Lin, Zheng Li, Xu Liu, Min Wang, Jingjing Zhang, Min Li, Zhong Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Geriatrics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-06107-0
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author Lingzhi Li
Haibo Yang
Yue Zhang
Zhiqiang Ren
Zihan Lin
Zheng Li
Xu Liu
Min Wang
Jingjing Zhang
Min Li
Zhong Li
author_facet Lingzhi Li
Haibo Yang
Yue Zhang
Zhiqiang Ren
Zihan Lin
Zheng Li
Xu Liu
Min Wang
Jingjing Zhang
Min Li
Zhong Li
author_sort Lingzhi Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Computed tomography (CT) based sarcopenia has been linked to postoperative complications in various surgeries. Although the associations between sarcopenia and femoral neck fractures (FNF) have received considerable attention, the relationship between sarcopenia and blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in FNF patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CT-based sarcopenia and blood transfusions in elderly FNF patients after hip arthroplasty. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 337 elderly FNF patients from September 2018 to January 2024. Basic demographic data, preoperative laboratory data, surgical data and chest CT data were collected. CT-based sarcopenia was diagnosed with gender-specific skeletal muscle index (SMI) cut-off values within the same ethnicity. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for sarcopenia and blood transfusions in elderly FNF patients; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the predictive cut-off value of SMI. Results Among the 337 patients, 99 (29.4%) patients received blood transfusions, and 104 (30.9%) patients were diagnosed with CT-based sarcopenia. Sarcopenia patients had advanced age, lower body mass index (BMI), lower hemoglobin and lower serum albumin, with an increased likelihood of undergoing hemiarthroplasty (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age (P = 0.002) and lower BMI (P < 0.001) were independently associated with CT-based sarcopenia. Patients who received transfusions had a lower BMI, lower hemoglobin, lower serum albumin, longer operation duration, greater intraoperative blood loss (IBL), and a greater incidence of sarcopenia (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that sarcopenia (P = 0.006), lower hemoglobin (P < 0.001), longer operation duration (P = 0.022), and greater IBL (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with transfusion. ROC analysis revealed an optimal SMI cut-off of 23.0 cm²/m² for predicting transfusion, with 71.7% sensitivity and 71.0% specificity. Conclusion CT-based sarcopenia was independently associated with blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in elderly FNF patients. In clinical practice, attention should be given to identifying it and implementing targeted interventions. Level of evidence III, retrospective cohort study. Trial registration Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-e75f69a2426348f18fc0708cdaacc30e2025-08-24T11:49:12ZengBMCBMC Geriatrics1471-23182025-08-0125111110.1186/s12877-025-06107-0CT-based sarcopenia is independently associated with blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures: a retrospective cohort studyLingzhi Li0Haibo Yang1Yue Zhang2Zhiqiang Ren3Zihan Lin4Zheng Li5Xu Liu6Min Wang7Jingjing Zhang8Min Li9Zhong Li10Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, The People’s Hospital of Rongchang DistrictDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityAbstract Background Computed tomography (CT) based sarcopenia has been linked to postoperative complications in various surgeries. Although the associations between sarcopenia and femoral neck fractures (FNF) have received considerable attention, the relationship between sarcopenia and blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in FNF patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CT-based sarcopenia and blood transfusions in elderly FNF patients after hip arthroplasty. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 337 elderly FNF patients from September 2018 to January 2024. Basic demographic data, preoperative laboratory data, surgical data and chest CT data were collected. CT-based sarcopenia was diagnosed with gender-specific skeletal muscle index (SMI) cut-off values within the same ethnicity. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for sarcopenia and blood transfusions in elderly FNF patients; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the predictive cut-off value of SMI. Results Among the 337 patients, 99 (29.4%) patients received blood transfusions, and 104 (30.9%) patients were diagnosed with CT-based sarcopenia. Sarcopenia patients had advanced age, lower body mass index (BMI), lower hemoglobin and lower serum albumin, with an increased likelihood of undergoing hemiarthroplasty (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age (P = 0.002) and lower BMI (P < 0.001) were independently associated with CT-based sarcopenia. Patients who received transfusions had a lower BMI, lower hemoglobin, lower serum albumin, longer operation duration, greater intraoperative blood loss (IBL), and a greater incidence of sarcopenia (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that sarcopenia (P = 0.006), lower hemoglobin (P < 0.001), longer operation duration (P = 0.022), and greater IBL (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with transfusion. ROC analysis revealed an optimal SMI cut-off of 23.0 cm²/m² for predicting transfusion, with 71.7% sensitivity and 71.0% specificity. Conclusion CT-based sarcopenia was independently associated with blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in elderly FNF patients. In clinical practice, attention should be given to identifying it and implementing targeted interventions. Level of evidence III, retrospective cohort study. Trial registration Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-06107-0Femoral neck fractureArthroplastyRisk factorsSarcopeniaBlood transfusion
spellingShingle Lingzhi Li
Haibo Yang
Yue Zhang
Zhiqiang Ren
Zihan Lin
Zheng Li
Xu Liu
Min Wang
Jingjing Zhang
Min Li
Zhong Li
CT-based sarcopenia is independently associated with blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures: a retrospective cohort study
BMC Geriatrics
Femoral neck fracture
Arthroplasty
Risk factors
Sarcopenia
Blood transfusion
title CT-based sarcopenia is independently associated with blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures: a retrospective cohort study
title_full CT-based sarcopenia is independently associated with blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures: a retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr CT-based sarcopenia is independently associated with blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures: a retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed CT-based sarcopenia is independently associated with blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures: a retrospective cohort study
title_short CT-based sarcopenia is independently associated with blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures: a retrospective cohort study
title_sort ct based sarcopenia is independently associated with blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures a retrospective cohort study
topic Femoral neck fracture
Arthroplasty
Risk factors
Sarcopenia
Blood transfusion
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-06107-0
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