Unlocking the potential of miRNAs in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis: prospects and pitfalls
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases globally, ranking as 13th leading cause of mortality and morbidity. According to the Global Tuberculosis Report 2022, TB claimed the lives of 1.6 million people worldwide in 2021. Among the casualties, 1 870 000 individuals with HIV co-in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1462399424000292/type/journal_article |
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| author | Rakesh Arya Surendra Kumar Joseph M. Vinetz Jong Joo Kim Reetika Chaurasia |
| author_facet | Rakesh Arya Surendra Kumar Joseph M. Vinetz Jong Joo Kim Reetika Chaurasia |
| author_sort | Rakesh Arya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases globally, ranking as 13th leading cause of mortality and morbidity. According to the Global Tuberculosis Report 2022, TB claimed the lives of 1.6 million people worldwide in 2021. Among the casualties, 1 870 000 individuals with HIV co-infections contributed to 6.7% of the total fatalities, accounting TB as the second most lethal infectious disease following COVID-19. In the quest to identify biomarkers for disease progression and anti-TB therapy, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained attention due to their precise regulatory role in gene expression in disease stages and their ability to distinguish latent and active TB, enabling the development of early TB prognostic signatures. miRNAs are stable in biological fluids and therefore will be useful for non-invasive and broad sample collection. However, their inherent lack of specificity and experimental variations may lead to false-positive outcomes. These limitations can be overcome by integrating standard protocols with machine learning, presenting a novel tool for TB diagnostics and therapeutics. This review summarizes, discusses and highlights the potential of miRNAs as a biomarker, particularly their differential expression at disease stages. The review assesses the advantages and obstacles associated with miRNA-based diagnostic biomarkers in pulmonary TB and facilitates rapid, point-of-care testing. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e6fd7934b33847e5a5e4ffa03e16a71d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1462-3994 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-e6fd7934b33847e5a5e4ffa03e16a71d2025-08-20T12:57:31ZengCambridge University PressExpert Reviews in Molecular Medicine1462-39942024-01-012610.1017/erm.2024.29Unlocking the potential of miRNAs in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis: prospects and pitfallsRakesh Arya0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2089-0891Surendra Kumar1https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1596-8835Joseph M. Vinetz2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8344-2004Jong Joo Kim3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-0075Reetika Chaurasia4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-4720Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, South KoreaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USADepartment of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, South KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USATuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases globally, ranking as 13th leading cause of mortality and morbidity. According to the Global Tuberculosis Report 2022, TB claimed the lives of 1.6 million people worldwide in 2021. Among the casualties, 1 870 000 individuals with HIV co-infections contributed to 6.7% of the total fatalities, accounting TB as the second most lethal infectious disease following COVID-19. In the quest to identify biomarkers for disease progression and anti-TB therapy, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained attention due to their precise regulatory role in gene expression in disease stages and their ability to distinguish latent and active TB, enabling the development of early TB prognostic signatures. miRNAs are stable in biological fluids and therefore will be useful for non-invasive and broad sample collection. However, their inherent lack of specificity and experimental variations may lead to false-positive outcomes. These limitations can be overcome by integrating standard protocols with machine learning, presenting a novel tool for TB diagnostics and therapeutics. This review summarizes, discusses and highlights the potential of miRNAs as a biomarker, particularly their differential expression at disease stages. The review assesses the advantages and obstacles associated with miRNA-based diagnostic biomarkers in pulmonary TB and facilitates rapid, point-of-care testing.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1462399424000292/type/journal_articlemiRNA diagnostic markermiRNAMycobacterium tuberculosispulmonary tuberculosis |
| spellingShingle | Rakesh Arya Surendra Kumar Joseph M. Vinetz Jong Joo Kim Reetika Chaurasia Unlocking the potential of miRNAs in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis: prospects and pitfalls Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine miRNA diagnostic marker miRNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis pulmonary tuberculosis |
| title | Unlocking the potential of miRNAs in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis: prospects and pitfalls |
| title_full | Unlocking the potential of miRNAs in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis: prospects and pitfalls |
| title_fullStr | Unlocking the potential of miRNAs in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis: prospects and pitfalls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unlocking the potential of miRNAs in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis: prospects and pitfalls |
| title_short | Unlocking the potential of miRNAs in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis: prospects and pitfalls |
| title_sort | unlocking the potential of mirnas in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis prospects and pitfalls |
| topic | miRNA diagnostic marker miRNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis pulmonary tuberculosis |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1462399424000292/type/journal_article |
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