Shear wave elastography based analysis of changes in fascial and muscle stiffness in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain

BackgroundThe quantitative assessment of individual muscle and fascial stiffness in patients with low back pain remains a challenge. This study aimed to compare the stiffness of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF), erector spinae (ES), and multifidus (MF) in patients with and without chronic non-specific...

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Main Authors: Kun Liu, Tong Zhao, Yang Zhang, Lili Chen, Haoran Zhang, Xiqiang Xu, Zenong Yuan, Qingyu Zhang, Jun Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1476396/full
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author Kun Liu
Kun Liu
Tong Zhao
Yang Zhang
Lili Chen
Haoran Zhang
Xiqiang Xu
Zenong Yuan
Qingyu Zhang
Jun Dong
author_facet Kun Liu
Kun Liu
Tong Zhao
Yang Zhang
Lili Chen
Haoran Zhang
Xiqiang Xu
Zenong Yuan
Qingyu Zhang
Jun Dong
author_sort Kun Liu
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe quantitative assessment of individual muscle and fascial stiffness in patients with low back pain remains a challenge. This study aimed to compare the stiffness of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF), erector spinae (ES), and multifidus (MF) in patients with and without chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) using shear wave elastography (SWE). It also sought to explore the relationship between muscle and fascial stiffness and the levels of pain and dysfunction in patients with CNLBP.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 30 patients with CNLBP (age 27.40 ± 4.57 years, 19 males, 11 females, BMI 22.96 ± 2.55 kg/m2) and 32 healthy controls (age 27.94 ± 4.94 years, 15 males, 17 females, BMI 22.52 ± 2.26 kg/m2) were enrolled. Stiffness of the TLF, ES, and MF was measured using SWE, and Young’s modulus values were recorded. The numeric rating scale (NRS) for quantifying pain intensity and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were recorded for the case group to examine their correlations with the resilience index.ResultsThe CNLBP group exhibited significantly higher shear modulus values at the L4-5 bilateral TLF (left: p = 0.014, d = 0.64; right: p = 0.002, d = 0.86), ES (left: p = 0.013, d = 0.66; right: p = 0.027, d = 0.58), and MF (left: p = 0.009, d = 0.69; right: p = 0.002, d = 0.85) compared to the control group. Comparable findings were observed for the right ES (p = 0.026, d = 0.59) and left MF (p = 0.020, η2 = 0.09) at L1-2. Strong correlations were observed between the shear modulus of the bilateral TLF (left: r = 0.57, p = 0.001; right: r = 0.65, p < 0.001) at L4-5 and the NRS scores. Moderate correlations were noted between the shear modulus of the ES (left: r = 0.42, p = 0.022; right: r = 0.48, p = 0.007) and MF (left: r = 0.50, p = 0.005; right: r = 0.42, p = 0.023) at L4-5 and the NRS scores. Additionally, the shear modulus of the MF (r = 0.50, p = 0.005) on the left side of L1-2 showed similar correlations. Strong correlations were observed between the shear modulus of the bilateral TLF (left: r = 0.60, p < 0.001; right: r = 0.58, p < 0.001) at L4-5 and the ODI scores. Moderate correlations were observed between the shear modulus of the right TLF (r = 0.43, p = 0.017), ES (r = 0.38, p = 0.037), and MF (r = 0.44, p = 0.015) at L1-2, as well as the bilateral MF (left: r = 0.46, p = 0.011; right: r = 0.45, p = 0.012) at L4-5, and the ODI scores. No significant correlations were found at other measurement sites.ConclusionIn patients with CNLBP, the stiffness of the lumbar fascia and muscles is generally higher than in individuals without LBP. However, this increase is not uniform across all lumbar regions, with the most significant changes observed in the L4-5 segments. In addition, higher stiffness may be associated with pain and dysfunction, primarily manifested in the TLF.
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spelling doaj-art-e6b5a49a725a4ef79a3a5f886a22c2752024-11-15T04:48:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852024-11-011210.3389/fbioe.2024.14763961476396Shear wave elastography based analysis of changes in fascial and muscle stiffness in patients with chronic non-specific low back painKun Liu0Kun Liu1Tong Zhao2Yang Zhang3Lili Chen4Haoran Zhang5Xiqiang Xu6Zenong Yuan7Qingyu Zhang8Jun Dong9Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, ChinaCollege of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaRehabilitation and Physical Therapy Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, ChinaCollege of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaBackgroundThe quantitative assessment of individual muscle and fascial stiffness in patients with low back pain remains a challenge. This study aimed to compare the stiffness of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF), erector spinae (ES), and multifidus (MF) in patients with and without chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) using shear wave elastography (SWE). It also sought to explore the relationship between muscle and fascial stiffness and the levels of pain and dysfunction in patients with CNLBP.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 30 patients with CNLBP (age 27.40 ± 4.57 years, 19 males, 11 females, BMI 22.96 ± 2.55 kg/m2) and 32 healthy controls (age 27.94 ± 4.94 years, 15 males, 17 females, BMI 22.52 ± 2.26 kg/m2) were enrolled. Stiffness of the TLF, ES, and MF was measured using SWE, and Young’s modulus values were recorded. The numeric rating scale (NRS) for quantifying pain intensity and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were recorded for the case group to examine their correlations with the resilience index.ResultsThe CNLBP group exhibited significantly higher shear modulus values at the L4-5 bilateral TLF (left: p = 0.014, d = 0.64; right: p = 0.002, d = 0.86), ES (left: p = 0.013, d = 0.66; right: p = 0.027, d = 0.58), and MF (left: p = 0.009, d = 0.69; right: p = 0.002, d = 0.85) compared to the control group. Comparable findings were observed for the right ES (p = 0.026, d = 0.59) and left MF (p = 0.020, η2 = 0.09) at L1-2. Strong correlations were observed between the shear modulus of the bilateral TLF (left: r = 0.57, p = 0.001; right: r = 0.65, p < 0.001) at L4-5 and the NRS scores. Moderate correlations were noted between the shear modulus of the ES (left: r = 0.42, p = 0.022; right: r = 0.48, p = 0.007) and MF (left: r = 0.50, p = 0.005; right: r = 0.42, p = 0.023) at L4-5 and the NRS scores. Additionally, the shear modulus of the MF (r = 0.50, p = 0.005) on the left side of L1-2 showed similar correlations. Strong correlations were observed between the shear modulus of the bilateral TLF (left: r = 0.60, p < 0.001; right: r = 0.58, p < 0.001) at L4-5 and the ODI scores. Moderate correlations were observed between the shear modulus of the right TLF (r = 0.43, p = 0.017), ES (r = 0.38, p = 0.037), and MF (r = 0.44, p = 0.015) at L1-2, as well as the bilateral MF (left: r = 0.46, p = 0.011; right: r = 0.45, p = 0.012) at L4-5, and the ODI scores. No significant correlations were found at other measurement sites.ConclusionIn patients with CNLBP, the stiffness of the lumbar fascia and muscles is generally higher than in individuals without LBP. However, this increase is not uniform across all lumbar regions, with the most significant changes observed in the L4-5 segments. In addition, higher stiffness may be associated with pain and dysfunction, primarily manifested in the TLF.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1476396/fullshear wave elastographylow back painthoracolumbar fasciaerector spinaemultifidus
spellingShingle Kun Liu
Kun Liu
Tong Zhao
Yang Zhang
Lili Chen
Haoran Zhang
Xiqiang Xu
Zenong Yuan
Qingyu Zhang
Jun Dong
Shear wave elastography based analysis of changes in fascial and muscle stiffness in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
shear wave elastography
low back pain
thoracolumbar fascia
erector spinae
multifidus
title Shear wave elastography based analysis of changes in fascial and muscle stiffness in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain
title_full Shear wave elastography based analysis of changes in fascial and muscle stiffness in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain
title_fullStr Shear wave elastography based analysis of changes in fascial and muscle stiffness in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain
title_full_unstemmed Shear wave elastography based analysis of changes in fascial and muscle stiffness in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain
title_short Shear wave elastography based analysis of changes in fascial and muscle stiffness in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain
title_sort shear wave elastography based analysis of changes in fascial and muscle stiffness in patients with chronic non specific low back pain
topic shear wave elastography
low back pain
thoracolumbar fascia
erector spinae
multifidus
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1476396/full
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