A composite subunit vaccine confers full protection against Buruli ulcer disease in the mouse footpad model of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection.

Buruli ulcer (BU) disease, a neglected necrotizing tropical skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is the third most common mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis and leprosy. Infections mostly occur in remote, rural areas of Central and West Africa, but also in Australia, Japan and Papu...

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Main Authors: Justice Kofi Boakye-Appiah, Andy C Tran, Matthew J Paul, Peter Hart, Richard O Phillips, Thomas S Harrison, Mark Wansbrough-Jones, Rajko Reljic
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-02-01
Series:PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012710
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author Justice Kofi Boakye-Appiah
Andy C Tran
Matthew J Paul
Peter Hart
Richard O Phillips
Thomas S Harrison
Mark Wansbrough-Jones
Rajko Reljic
author_facet Justice Kofi Boakye-Appiah
Andy C Tran
Matthew J Paul
Peter Hart
Richard O Phillips
Thomas S Harrison
Mark Wansbrough-Jones
Rajko Reljic
author_sort Justice Kofi Boakye-Appiah
collection DOAJ
description Buruli ulcer (BU) disease, a neglected necrotizing tropical skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is the third most common mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis and leprosy. Infections mostly occur in remote, rural areas of Central and West Africa, but also in Australia, Japan and Papua New Guinea. There is currently no vaccine against Buruli ulcer disease and all previous attempts using closely related bacteria and subunit proteins have been partially successful only. Here, we tested in mice a composite subunit formulation incorporating the Mycobacterium ulcerans toxin mycolactone as the immunomodulator, and the antigens Ag85A and Polyketide Synthase Enzyme Ketoreductase A (KRA), formulated with Quil-A adjuvant ('Burulivac'). Burulivac induced Ag85A and KRA antigen-specific antibodies, T cells and a mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses, which conferred absolute protection against Buruli ulcer disease in the mouse footpad model over a 14-week period of observation. This was superior to both live attenuated mycobacterial vaccines, that is, BCG and an avirulent M. ulcerans strain that lacks the mycolactone toxin (MuΔ). Interleukin 10 was found to be strongly associated with protection. We suggest that Burulivac is a promising vaccine candidate against Buruli ulcer disease that warrants further exploration.
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spelling doaj-art-e6446a80c65a48a3a8d45f72196d7a6f2025-08-20T02:15:12ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352025-02-01192e001271010.1371/journal.pntd.0012710A composite subunit vaccine confers full protection against Buruli ulcer disease in the mouse footpad model of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection.Justice Kofi Boakye-AppiahAndy C TranMatthew J PaulPeter HartRichard O PhillipsThomas S HarrisonMark Wansbrough-JonesRajko ReljicBuruli ulcer (BU) disease, a neglected necrotizing tropical skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is the third most common mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis and leprosy. Infections mostly occur in remote, rural areas of Central and West Africa, but also in Australia, Japan and Papua New Guinea. There is currently no vaccine against Buruli ulcer disease and all previous attempts using closely related bacteria and subunit proteins have been partially successful only. Here, we tested in mice a composite subunit formulation incorporating the Mycobacterium ulcerans toxin mycolactone as the immunomodulator, and the antigens Ag85A and Polyketide Synthase Enzyme Ketoreductase A (KRA), formulated with Quil-A adjuvant ('Burulivac'). Burulivac induced Ag85A and KRA antigen-specific antibodies, T cells and a mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses, which conferred absolute protection against Buruli ulcer disease in the mouse footpad model over a 14-week period of observation. This was superior to both live attenuated mycobacterial vaccines, that is, BCG and an avirulent M. ulcerans strain that lacks the mycolactone toxin (MuΔ). Interleukin 10 was found to be strongly associated with protection. We suggest that Burulivac is a promising vaccine candidate against Buruli ulcer disease that warrants further exploration.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012710
spellingShingle Justice Kofi Boakye-Appiah
Andy C Tran
Matthew J Paul
Peter Hart
Richard O Phillips
Thomas S Harrison
Mark Wansbrough-Jones
Rajko Reljic
A composite subunit vaccine confers full protection against Buruli ulcer disease in the mouse footpad model of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection.
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
title A composite subunit vaccine confers full protection against Buruli ulcer disease in the mouse footpad model of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection.
title_full A composite subunit vaccine confers full protection against Buruli ulcer disease in the mouse footpad model of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection.
title_fullStr A composite subunit vaccine confers full protection against Buruli ulcer disease in the mouse footpad model of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection.
title_full_unstemmed A composite subunit vaccine confers full protection against Buruli ulcer disease in the mouse footpad model of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection.
title_short A composite subunit vaccine confers full protection against Buruli ulcer disease in the mouse footpad model of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection.
title_sort composite subunit vaccine confers full protection against buruli ulcer disease in the mouse footpad model of mycobacterium ulcerans infection
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012710
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