A mechanistic model of pure and lipidic α-synuclein aggregation for advancing Parkinson’s therapies

Abstract Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) plays a crucial role in Parkinson’s disease, with various aggregates proposed as pathogenic triggers and therapeutic targets. However, anti-aSyn aggregation compounds often fail due to limited knowledge of the underlying molecular basis. In particular, interactions wi...

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Main Authors: Elena Righetti, Luca Marchetti, Enrico Domenici, Federico Reali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Communications Chemistry
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-025-01558-3
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author Elena Righetti
Luca Marchetti
Enrico Domenici
Federico Reali
author_facet Elena Righetti
Luca Marchetti
Enrico Domenici
Federico Reali
author_sort Elena Righetti
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) plays a crucial role in Parkinson’s disease, with various aggregates proposed as pathogenic triggers and therapeutic targets. However, anti-aSyn aggregation compounds often fail due to limited knowledge of the underlying molecular basis. In particular, interactions with lipid membranes are central to both physiological and pathological roles of aSyn, yet their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Disrupting this balance may drive Parkinson’s onset and progression, underscoring the need for a mechanistic understanding of pure and lipid-mediated aggregation. Building on well-established in vitro aggregation studies, we propose a mathematical model of aSyn accumulation incorporating both aggregation routes via a nucleation-conversion-polymerization process with self-amplifying loops and toxic oligomers. Model calibration uses data from in vitro assays mimicking physiologically relevant conditions, providing insights into transient and stable aSyn intermediates. Incorporating aSyn-lipid interactions enables in silico exploration of how lipid-to-aSyn ratio influences aggregation, with possible implications for neurodegeneration. Sensitivity analysis highlights secondary nucleation inhibition as a potential anti-aggregation strategy. Overall, our work contributes to a unified framework for investigating in vitro aSyn aggregation and evaluating Parkinson’s therapies by building on existing models. It can serve as a stand-alone tool and a modular component in multiscale models, with potential applications in quantitative systems pharmacology.
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spelling doaj-art-e5f763d7ad724ae985dbd1ce6f7799572025-08-20T03:45:11ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Chemistry2399-36692025-06-018111910.1038/s42004-025-01558-3A mechanistic model of pure and lipidic α-synuclein aggregation for advancing Parkinson’s therapiesElena Righetti0Luca Marchetti1Enrico Domenici2Federico Reali3Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI)Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI)Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI)Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI)Abstract Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) plays a crucial role in Parkinson’s disease, with various aggregates proposed as pathogenic triggers and therapeutic targets. However, anti-aSyn aggregation compounds often fail due to limited knowledge of the underlying molecular basis. In particular, interactions with lipid membranes are central to both physiological and pathological roles of aSyn, yet their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Disrupting this balance may drive Parkinson’s onset and progression, underscoring the need for a mechanistic understanding of pure and lipid-mediated aggregation. Building on well-established in vitro aggregation studies, we propose a mathematical model of aSyn accumulation incorporating both aggregation routes via a nucleation-conversion-polymerization process with self-amplifying loops and toxic oligomers. Model calibration uses data from in vitro assays mimicking physiologically relevant conditions, providing insights into transient and stable aSyn intermediates. Incorporating aSyn-lipid interactions enables in silico exploration of how lipid-to-aSyn ratio influences aggregation, with possible implications for neurodegeneration. Sensitivity analysis highlights secondary nucleation inhibition as a potential anti-aggregation strategy. Overall, our work contributes to a unified framework for investigating in vitro aSyn aggregation and evaluating Parkinson’s therapies by building on existing models. It can serve as a stand-alone tool and a modular component in multiscale models, with potential applications in quantitative systems pharmacology.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-025-01558-3
spellingShingle Elena Righetti
Luca Marchetti
Enrico Domenici
Federico Reali
A mechanistic model of pure and lipidic α-synuclein aggregation for advancing Parkinson’s therapies
Communications Chemistry
title A mechanistic model of pure and lipidic α-synuclein aggregation for advancing Parkinson’s therapies
title_full A mechanistic model of pure and lipidic α-synuclein aggregation for advancing Parkinson’s therapies
title_fullStr A mechanistic model of pure and lipidic α-synuclein aggregation for advancing Parkinson’s therapies
title_full_unstemmed A mechanistic model of pure and lipidic α-synuclein aggregation for advancing Parkinson’s therapies
title_short A mechanistic model of pure and lipidic α-synuclein aggregation for advancing Parkinson’s therapies
title_sort mechanistic model of pure and lipidic α synuclein aggregation for advancing parkinson s therapies
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-025-01558-3
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