Identification of the Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family in <i>Brassica</i> U-Triangle Species and Its Potential Roles in Response to Abiotic Stress and Regulation of Seed Coat Color in <i>Brassica napus</i> L.
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is essential for lignin precursor synthesis and responses to various abiotic stresses in plants. However, the functions of CAD in <i>Brassica</i> species, especially in <i>Brassica napus</i>, remain poorly characterized. In the present stu...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Yiwei Liu Ziwuyun Weng Yuanyuan Liu Mengjiao Tian Yaping Yang Nian Pan Mengzhen Zhang Huiyan Zhao Hai Du Nengwen Yin Cunmin Qu Huafang Wan |
| author_facet | Yiwei Liu Ziwuyun Weng Yuanyuan Liu Mengjiao Tian Yaping Yang Nian Pan Mengzhen Zhang Huiyan Zhao Hai Du Nengwen Yin Cunmin Qu Huafang Wan |
| author_sort | Yiwei Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is essential for lignin precursor synthesis and responses to various abiotic stresses in plants. However, the functions of CAD in <i>Brassica</i> species, especially in <i>Brassica napus</i>, remain poorly characterized. In the present study, we identified a total of 90 <i>CAD</i> genes across the <i>Brassica</i> U-triangle species, including <i>B. rapa</i>, <i>B. nigra</i>, <i>B. oleracea</i>, <i>B. juncea</i>, <i>B. napus</i>, and <i>B. carinata</i>. Comprehensive analyses of phylogenetic relationships, sequence identity, conserved motifs, gene structure, chromosomal distribution, collinearity, and <i>cis-</i>acting elements were performed. Based on phylogenetic analysis, these genes were categorized into four groups, designated as groups I to IV. Most of the <i>CAD</i> genes were implicated in mediating responses to abiotic stresses and phytohormones. Notably, members in group III, containing the bona fide <i>CAD</i> genes, were directly involved in lignin synthesis. Furthermore, the expression profiles of <i>BnaCAD</i> genes exhibited differential responses to drought, osmotic, and ABA treatments. The expression levels of the <i>BnaCAD4a</i>, <i>BnaCAD4b</i>, <i>BnaCAD5b</i>, and <i>BnaCAD5d</i> genes were detected and found to be significantly lower in yellow-seeded <i>B. napus</i> compared to the black-seeded ones. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of <i>CAD</i> genes in <i>Brassica</i> U-triangle species and partially validates their functions in <i>B. napus</i>, thereby contributing to a better understanding of their roles. The insights gained are expected to facilitate the breeding of yellow-seeded <i>B. napus</i> cultivars with enhanced stress tolerance and desirable agronomic traits. |
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| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e5cc0c8ac59d4d1cb0d24b9d998515b92025-08-20T03:13:48ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-04-01148118410.3390/plants14081184Identification of the Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family in <i>Brassica</i> U-Triangle Species and Its Potential Roles in Response to Abiotic Stress and Regulation of Seed Coat Color in <i>Brassica napus</i> L.Yiwei Liu0Ziwuyun Weng1Yuanyuan Liu2Mengjiao Tian3Yaping Yang4Nian Pan5Mengzhen Zhang6Huiyan Zhao7Hai Du8Nengwen Yin9Cunmin Qu10Huafang Wan11Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaIntegrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaIntegrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaIntegrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaIntegrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaIntegrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaIntegrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaIntegrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaIntegrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaIntegrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaIntegrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaIntegrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is essential for lignin precursor synthesis and responses to various abiotic stresses in plants. However, the functions of CAD in <i>Brassica</i> species, especially in <i>Brassica napus</i>, remain poorly characterized. In the present study, we identified a total of 90 <i>CAD</i> genes across the <i>Brassica</i> U-triangle species, including <i>B. rapa</i>, <i>B. nigra</i>, <i>B. oleracea</i>, <i>B. juncea</i>, <i>B. napus</i>, and <i>B. carinata</i>. Comprehensive analyses of phylogenetic relationships, sequence identity, conserved motifs, gene structure, chromosomal distribution, collinearity, and <i>cis-</i>acting elements were performed. Based on phylogenetic analysis, these genes were categorized into four groups, designated as groups I to IV. Most of the <i>CAD</i> genes were implicated in mediating responses to abiotic stresses and phytohormones. Notably, members in group III, containing the bona fide <i>CAD</i> genes, were directly involved in lignin synthesis. Furthermore, the expression profiles of <i>BnaCAD</i> genes exhibited differential responses to drought, osmotic, and ABA treatments. The expression levels of the <i>BnaCAD4a</i>, <i>BnaCAD4b</i>, <i>BnaCAD5b</i>, and <i>BnaCAD5d</i> genes were detected and found to be significantly lower in yellow-seeded <i>B. napus</i> compared to the black-seeded ones. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of <i>CAD</i> genes in <i>Brassica</i> U-triangle species and partially validates their functions in <i>B. napus</i>, thereby contributing to a better understanding of their roles. The insights gained are expected to facilitate the breeding of yellow-seeded <i>B. napus</i> cultivars with enhanced stress tolerance and desirable agronomic traits.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/8/1184cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD)U-triangle species<i>Brassica napus</i> L.abiotic stressseed coat color |
| spellingShingle | Yiwei Liu Ziwuyun Weng Yuanyuan Liu Mengjiao Tian Yaping Yang Nian Pan Mengzhen Zhang Huiyan Zhao Hai Du Nengwen Yin Cunmin Qu Huafang Wan Identification of the Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family in <i>Brassica</i> U-Triangle Species and Its Potential Roles in Response to Abiotic Stress and Regulation of Seed Coat Color in <i>Brassica napus</i> L. Plants cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) U-triangle species <i>Brassica napus</i> L. abiotic stress seed coat color |
| title | Identification of the Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family in <i>Brassica</i> U-Triangle Species and Its Potential Roles in Response to Abiotic Stress and Regulation of Seed Coat Color in <i>Brassica napus</i> L. |
| title_full | Identification of the Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family in <i>Brassica</i> U-Triangle Species and Its Potential Roles in Response to Abiotic Stress and Regulation of Seed Coat Color in <i>Brassica napus</i> L. |
| title_fullStr | Identification of the Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family in <i>Brassica</i> U-Triangle Species and Its Potential Roles in Response to Abiotic Stress and Regulation of Seed Coat Color in <i>Brassica napus</i> L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of the Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family in <i>Brassica</i> U-Triangle Species and Its Potential Roles in Response to Abiotic Stress and Regulation of Seed Coat Color in <i>Brassica napus</i> L. |
| title_short | Identification of the Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family in <i>Brassica</i> U-Triangle Species and Its Potential Roles in Response to Abiotic Stress and Regulation of Seed Coat Color in <i>Brassica napus</i> L. |
| title_sort | identification of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene family in i brassica i u triangle species and its potential roles in response to abiotic stress and regulation of seed coat color in i brassica napus i l |
| topic | cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) U-triangle species <i>Brassica napus</i> L. abiotic stress seed coat color |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/8/1184 |
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