Applying models of self-regulated learning to understand engagement with digital health interventions: a narrative review

Digital health interventions (DHIs) are often burdened by poor user engagement and high drop-out rates, diminishing their potential public health impact. Identifying user-related factors predictive of engagement has therefore drawn significant research attention in recent years. Absent from this lit...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Claudia Liu, Mariel Messer, Jake Linardon, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Digital Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1380088/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849324094966726656
author Claudia Liu
Mariel Messer
Jake Linardon
Jake Linardon
Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
author_facet Claudia Liu
Mariel Messer
Jake Linardon
Jake Linardon
Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
author_sort Claudia Liu
collection DOAJ
description Digital health interventions (DHIs) are often burdened by poor user engagement and high drop-out rates, diminishing their potential public health impact. Identifying user-related factors predictive of engagement has therefore drawn significant research attention in recent years. Absent from this literature—yet implied by DHI design—is the notion that individuals who use DHIs have well-regulated learning capabilities that facilitate engagement with unguided intervention content. In this narrative review, we make the case that learning capacity can differ markedly across individuals, and that the requirements of self-guided learning for many DHIs do not guarantee that those who sign up for these interventions have good learning capabilities at the time of uptake. Drawing upon a rich body of theoretical work on self-regulated learning (SRL) in education research, we propose a user-as-learner perspective to delineate parameters and drivers of variable engagement with DHIs. Five prominent theoretical models of SRL were wholistically evaluated according to their relevance for digital health. Three key themes were drawn and applied to extend our current understanding of engagement with DHIs: (a) common drivers of engagement in SRL, (b) the temporal nature of engagement and its drivers, and (c) individuals may differ in learning capability. Integrating new perspectives from SRL models offered useful theoretical insights that could be leveraged to enhance engagement with intervention content throughout the DHI user journey. In an attempt to consolidate these differing—albeit complementary—perspectives, we develop an integrated model of engagement and provide an outline of future directions for research to extend the current understanding of engagement issues in self-guided DHIs.
format Article
id doaj-art-e5992a5e53a8464c9e4b2cf8eee541b0
institution Kabale University
issn 2673-253X
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Digital Health
spelling doaj-art-e5992a5e53a8464c9e4b2cf8eee541b02025-08-20T03:48:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Digital Health2673-253X2025-05-01710.3389/fdgth.2025.13800881380088Applying models of self-regulated learning to understand engagement with digital health interventions: a narrative reviewClaudia Liu0Mariel Messer1Jake Linardon2Jake Linardon3Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz4Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz5School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaCentre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaCentre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, AustraliaDigital health interventions (DHIs) are often burdened by poor user engagement and high drop-out rates, diminishing their potential public health impact. Identifying user-related factors predictive of engagement has therefore drawn significant research attention in recent years. Absent from this literature—yet implied by DHI design—is the notion that individuals who use DHIs have well-regulated learning capabilities that facilitate engagement with unguided intervention content. In this narrative review, we make the case that learning capacity can differ markedly across individuals, and that the requirements of self-guided learning for many DHIs do not guarantee that those who sign up for these interventions have good learning capabilities at the time of uptake. Drawing upon a rich body of theoretical work on self-regulated learning (SRL) in education research, we propose a user-as-learner perspective to delineate parameters and drivers of variable engagement with DHIs. Five prominent theoretical models of SRL were wholistically evaluated according to their relevance for digital health. Three key themes were drawn and applied to extend our current understanding of engagement with DHIs: (a) common drivers of engagement in SRL, (b) the temporal nature of engagement and its drivers, and (c) individuals may differ in learning capability. Integrating new perspectives from SRL models offered useful theoretical insights that could be leveraged to enhance engagement with intervention content throughout the DHI user journey. In an attempt to consolidate these differing—albeit complementary—perspectives, we develop an integrated model of engagement and provide an outline of future directions for research to extend the current understanding of engagement issues in self-guided DHIs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1380088/fulldigital health interventionsuser engagementself-regulated learningnarrative reviewdigital health
spellingShingle Claudia Liu
Mariel Messer
Jake Linardon
Jake Linardon
Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
Applying models of self-regulated learning to understand engagement with digital health interventions: a narrative review
Frontiers in Digital Health
digital health interventions
user engagement
self-regulated learning
narrative review
digital health
title Applying models of self-regulated learning to understand engagement with digital health interventions: a narrative review
title_full Applying models of self-regulated learning to understand engagement with digital health interventions: a narrative review
title_fullStr Applying models of self-regulated learning to understand engagement with digital health interventions: a narrative review
title_full_unstemmed Applying models of self-regulated learning to understand engagement with digital health interventions: a narrative review
title_short Applying models of self-regulated learning to understand engagement with digital health interventions: a narrative review
title_sort applying models of self regulated learning to understand engagement with digital health interventions a narrative review
topic digital health interventions
user engagement
self-regulated learning
narrative review
digital health
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1380088/full
work_keys_str_mv AT claudialiu applyingmodelsofselfregulatedlearningtounderstandengagementwithdigitalhealthinterventionsanarrativereview
AT marielmesser applyingmodelsofselfregulatedlearningtounderstandengagementwithdigitalhealthinterventionsanarrativereview
AT jakelinardon applyingmodelsofselfregulatedlearningtounderstandengagementwithdigitalhealthinterventionsanarrativereview
AT jakelinardon applyingmodelsofselfregulatedlearningtounderstandengagementwithdigitalhealthinterventionsanarrativereview
AT matthewfullertyszkiewicz applyingmodelsofselfregulatedlearningtounderstandengagementwithdigitalhealthinterventionsanarrativereview
AT matthewfullertyszkiewicz applyingmodelsofselfregulatedlearningtounderstandengagementwithdigitalhealthinterventionsanarrativereview